Ways to improve fertilization efficiency

How to apply fertilizer scientifically?How to increase production and revenue at the lowest cost?How to improve fertilization efficiency?These are the most important issues that farmers care about. Below, I will introduce some methods to improve the efficiency of fertilization.

How to improve fertilization efficiency

A, see temperature according to the practice for many years, at 0 ℃ to 32 ℃, absorb the amount of fertilizer, crop velocities was positively correlated with soil temperature, lower than 0 ℃ or higher than 32 ℃, crop fertilizer absorption ability decline gradually.Therefore, in the low temperature season, the crops over the winter can be applied with semi-mature organic fertilizer and high concentration of water manure, so that it can provide heat in the decomposition process and improve the earth temperature.Phosphorus and potash fertilizer can also be applied in a moderate amount to enhance the cold resistance of crops over the winter.Rapid nitrogen fertilizer can also be applied to facilitate rapid uptake of crops.When the hot season comes, apply plenty of ripe organic fertilizer, apply appropriate amount of fertilizer, and release fertilizer by water.It is also necessary to avoid the meeting of water and fertilizer peak, causing crops to flourish in the early stage and decline in the late stage.

(1) apply more nitrogen fertilizer in places with good lighting conditions to promote the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of crops;In places with poor lighting conditions, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to prevent crops from greying and late ripening.(2) when the light is strong, apply fertilizer deeply to prevent photolysis and volatilization. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve water utilization rate.(3) as the leaf area coefficient of crops increases, fertilizer should be applied appropriately, but it should be applied in the morning and after 4 PM to reduce consumption.

Ways to improve fertilization efficiency

Three, because of different rainfall and water resources, there are also differences in fertilization technology.(1) excessive nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in rainy season. The first is to prevent crop growth, the second is to prevent fertilizer loss, and the third is to prevent water pollution.(2) in the dry little rain, should right amount increasing p, k, increasing potassium fertilizer can improve the drought-resistant ability, increasing phosphate fertilizer can improve the utilization of the water, and be able to play the role of nitrogen to phosphorus increased.(3) in terms of the operation method, it should be noted that, when the soil has the highest water content, it is advisable to apply heavy and light fertilizer, i.e., the fertilizer concentration is high, but the dosage should be small, and keep a certain distance from the crops and plants.When the weather is dry, appropriate light fertilizer heavy application, or fertilizer less water more, increase watering times.

The effects of gases in the air, soil and atmosphere on the application of fertilizers are also greatly affected.When the soil is compacted, or the water content is too high, the space of the soil is small, the gas is difficult to circulate, the respiration of the root system is inhibited, the decomposition of nutrients by microorganisms is hindered, and the ability of fertilizer supply is decreased.Therefore, in agricultural production, the first thing is to keep the soil loose and the air flowing normally.Second, control the amount of fertilization, especially the amount of bottom fertilizer.Third, we need to open the ditch well in the field, so that precipitation can be discharged, infiltration, rain stop the field dry.

These are some ways to improve the fertilization efficiency. After you know it, you can apply fertilizer reasonably according to the actual planting conditions.

Technology of fertilization of pollution-free vegetable

Pollution-free vegetables, is refers to the pesticide residues in vegetables, heavy metal, nitrate and so on all kinds of pollution and harmful substance content, control within the scope of the provisions of the state, the people after eating vegetables is not enough to cause harm to human body health.How can the pollution-free vegetable be fertilized scientifically?The following is the introduction of pollution-free vegetable fertilization technology.

How does pollution-free vegetable apply fertilizer scientifically

1. The principle of pollution-free vegetable fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by other fertilizers;It is mainly composed of multiple compound fertilizers, supplemented by single element fertilizers.Mainly apply basal fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer.Limit the use of chemical fertilizers as much as possible, and if necessary, apply some of them selectively.

1. In accordance with the national standard "requirements for safe quality and pollution-free vegetables for agricultural products" (gb18406.1-2001) as the principle.Fertilization should not cause environmental pollution and give consideration to high yield and high efficiency.

2. The principle of organic fertilizer and auxiliary fertilizer.We should attach importance to the application of high quality organic fertilizer and apply fertilizer rationally. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen should not be less than 1:1.

3. Principle of balanced fertilization.The application amount of fertilizer was determined according to the requirement of balanced fertilization on the basis of soil nutrient determination results and vegetable fertilizer requirement.Although all have corresponding standard set forth, but generally will not exceed the following principles: the highest inorganic nitrogen nutrient application set limit to 225 kg/ha, while applying inorganic phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer content depends on the soil fertility status, in order to maintain soil nutrient balance shall prevail.The use of chlorinated fertilizer on vegetables is prohibited;Leaf vegetables and root vegetables shall not be fertilized with nitrogenous fertilizer.

4. Principles of nutritional diagnosis and fertilizer application.According to the vegetative characteristics of vegetable growth and development, the nutrient diagnosis of soil and plant was carried out, and the nutrient requirements of vegetables were met.No nitrogen fertilizer shall be applied to vegetables harvested once, especially leaf vegetables, within 20 days before harvest.For continuous results of vegetables, fertilizer should not be more than 4-5 times.

2. The types and types of fertilizers allowed to be used in the production of pollution-free vegetables include:

1. High quality organic fertilizer.Such as compost, barnyard manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, mud manure, cake fertilizer and so on.It should be fully ripe before application.

2. Biological bacterial fertilizer.Including humic acid fertilizer, rhizobia fertilizer, phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer.

3. Inorganic fertilizer.For example, ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and other nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer without chlorine and nitric nitrogen, as well as local production of vegetable special fertilizer.

4. Trace element fertilizer.That is, copper, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements as the main fertilizer.

5. Other fertilizers.Such as bone meal, amino acid residue, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste.

Technology of fertilization of pollution-free vegetable

Comprehensive implementation of soil testing formula balanced fertilization

Applied to reduce the pollution, give full play to, the soil testing and formula balanced fertilization should be implemented according to the vegetable nutritional physiology characteristic, absorb fat rule, soil for fertilizer and fertilizer effect performance, determine the organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the appropriate amount of trace element fertilizer and proportion, as well as the corresponding fertilization techniques, to suit the formula, suit the application.The specific types and amounts of fertilizer should be included;Proportion of basal fertilizer and fertilizer application;Number and period of fertilizer application;And the fertilization method according to the characteristics of fertilizers.Formula fertilization is the basic fertilization technology of pollution-free vegetable production.

Iv. Matters needing attention in the fertilization of pollution-free vegetables

1. Organic fertilizers, such as human manure and manure, should be fully fermented and matured, and be washed with water after fertilizer application.

2. Fertilizer and vegetable special fertilizer should be applied deep and applied early. Deep application can reduce nutrient volatilization, prolong fertilizer supply time and improve fertilizer utilization rate.Early application is beneficial to early growth of plants, long fertilizer effect, reduce nitrate and other toxic accumulation.Generally, ammonium nitrogen is applied to the soil layer below 6cm, urea is applied to the soil layer below 10cm, phosphate and potassium is applied to the soil layer below 15cm, and vegetable special fertilizer is applied to the soil layer below 15cm.

According to the flexible fertilization of vegetable species and cultivation conditions, the accumulation degree of nitrate varies greatly among different types of vegetables. Generally, leaf vegetables are higher than melon vegetables, and melon vegetables are higher than fruit vegetables.In addition, the nitrate content of the same vegetable also varies under different climatic conditions. Generally, under high temperature and strong light, the accumulation of nitrate is low.Conversely, nitrates accumulate in large amounts at low temperature and low light.In the process of fertilization, the types of vegetables, planting seasons and climatic conditions should be taken into account, so as to control the reasonable amount of fertilizer, and ensure the nitrate content within the specified range of pollution-free vegetables.

Above is the introduction of pollution-free vegetable fertilization technology, planting pollution-free vegetable farmers friends, can refer to the above fertilization technology, combined with the actual planting situation, reasonable fertilization.

Disclose food additives

Food additives have been around for many, many years, dating back more than 2,000 years.As early as the han dynasty, people began to use brine to make tofu.The brine here is a food additive!

In the song dynasty, people found that nitrite can be used for anti-corrosion and keep the bacon color bright, the technique was introduced into Europe in the 13th century, the love of the local people and widely used.In other words, the beloved German sausage of today is also related to our ancestors.

The modern definition of food additives is: in order to improve food quality and color, aroma, taste, and for the sake of corrosion protection, preservation and processing technology to join the artificial synthetic or natural substances in food.

Commonly used food additives are preservatives, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, and more than 20 types of it!

The most common functions of food additives are:

Anticorrosion: to facilitate the production, processing, packaging, transportation or storage of food.

Maintain or enhance the nutritional value of the food itself: such as high calcium biscuits, high iron rice flour nutritional fortifier.

Improve the quality and stability of foods: such as antioxidants in cooking oil.Food products like cooking oil, hemp flowers and nuts used to have a regular taste of rancid, but now they're much less so because we have antioxidants.

Improve food taste: emulsifiers and thickeners in ice cream bars, for example.

Principles and application of water treatment agents

Water treatment agent is a necessary chemical agent in the process of industrial water, domestic water and waste water treatment.It is the first effect of moderate scale and the composition of the sludge, reduce foam, cutting materials contact with the water erosion, remove the suspended solid in the water, and toxic substances, deodorant decoloring, softened water, etc.

Sharply because the current world nations water to add, also all kinds of environmental statutes heels (water purification method) to formulate, severe day by day and so on all kinds of efficient water disposal reagents to improve soon.In our country, and the capital of the increasingly serious water crisis contradiction of water disposal reagents is produced to a very low, quality also is not all, so accelerate the development of the environmental protection material property of water disposal reagents to carry out the fire.

Plant growth regulator 5 big use error, careful "labor not please"!

In recent years, plant growth regulator in enhance crops resistance and increase crop yield, improve product quality, improve the efficiency of the plant played a huge role, has been recognized by more and more farmers.However, there are some obvious errors in the use of many farmers, which seriously affect the use effect.Here should remind the farmer friend when using plant growth regulator, want to prevent to enter the following five mistakes.

Myth no. 1: replace "fat" with "agent"

Plant growth regulator must be under the condition of sufficient water to exert significant effect, but the effect of some plant growth regulator was exaggerated by the manufacturers use, led some farmers use it as fertilizer use, to promote crop growth of hope on plant growth regulator, and not in the conventional technologies such as fertilization, irrigation and intertillage, digging up and down time, ultimately affect the use effect of plant growth regulator.

Myth 2: increase the dosage at will

Plant growth regulator is a hormone substance, generally only a few grams or a few milliliters per mu.But some less dosage of farmers always afraid of no effect, increase dosage of plant growth regulator or use concentration at random, not only can not promote plant growth, it will make its growth is restrained, serious and even lead to leaf malformation, dry off, whole plant death.

Myth 3: use water directly

Some plant growth regulators, such as more gibberellin used in production, must be dissolved with alcohol or warm, high - temperature liquor before water use.However, some farmers often do not read the instructions carefully before using plant growth regulator, but use plant growth regulator directly to water.Due to some plant growth regulator can not directly be dissolved in water, combined with the trace of plant growth regulator without prior mixture mixture again after "mother liquor" requires concentration, reagent is hard to a blender, will also affect the use effect.

Myth 4: mix with other substances at will

Whether plant growth regulators can be mixed with fertilizers, pesticides and other substances must be carefully read and tested before it can be determined.But many farmers in the use of plant growth regulator, to graph save trouble, often will be randomly mixed with chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, etc, to promote growth or flower and fruit, at the same time adding fertilizer or preventing pest.However, if the mixture is not appropriate, it will "double the effort" or even "lose the effort".

Myth 5: never look at the right time, always spray

Plant growth regulator must be used at the critical time of plant growth (such as the differentiation period of cucumber flower buds) to achieve the maximum effect.If used at the wrong time, the desired effect will not be achieved, and there may even be "side effects".Some farmers have insufficient understanding, think whenever spraying plant growth regulator, to be able to promote growth, increase production, income effect, so don't look at time, spraying at any time, lead to the spraying effect is not good, some even production, reduce.

Fertilization of young citrus trees

How do young citrus trees fertilize

Apply heavy fertilizer deeply, lead root deep growth.Young citrus trees are usually fertilized twice a year with heavy fertilizer, deep furrow fertilizer, and mainly organic fertilizer.Generally, in the summer rain more, high humidity, when the weeds are abundant, in the winter when the branches are old and ripe, after the plant stopped growing again.Fertilization, from citrus tree 50 to 60 cm, youth by the east-west and south-north dig a 50 to 60 cm deep, 30 to 40 cm wide, 80-100 cm long, deep groove, position of successive change, each ditch various weeds 25 to 30 kg, retting of rotten people of livestock and poultry dung 8-10 kg or 1.5 2 kg of biological organic fertilizer.The weeds are applied to the bottom of the deep ditch, and the fertilizer is mixed with the soil excavated when the deep ditch is dug. After that, the weeds can be filled back into the deep ditch and buried under pressure.

Fertilization of young citrus trees

Apply thin fertilizer frequently, a small amount many times.On the basis of deep heavy fertilizer, citrus young trees every smoke twice fertilizer, gave birth to a new tip is given priority to with quick-acting instant NPK fertilizer completely, respectively, in the old body-to keep full, ripe new tip for germination of new tip and completely show leaf, leaf size basic finalize the design, when leaf light green color.Every time shi NPK (20-20-20) of a water soluble fertilizer 80-100 grams, add water or biogas slurry or retting of rotten people and livestock manure after 5-6 kg, evenly spray on surface soil under canopy, with fat liquid infiltration into the soil completely not outflow is advisable.Or every time each NPK (15-15-15) potassium nitrate harvard or pure 150-200 grams of s-based compound fertilizer, around the canopy drip line, dig deep, each 25 to 30 cm wide ring of shallow groove, the fertilizer evenly broadcast inside the ring fence, cover soil, covering the fertilizers.With the continuous growth of citrus young trees, the amount of fertilizer gradually increased to meet the needs of growth and development.

Citrus fertilization

Apply fertilizer on the leaf surface to supplement nutrients.On the basis of applying fertilizer to citrus root, it is necessary to apply fertilizer to the leaves many times to supplement the nutrients needed by citrus.Every 10 to 15 days commonly foliar spraying 1 0.1% 0.1% magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600 times amino acid compound micronutrient fertilizer mixture, evenly spray wet all the branches and leaves, to begin it is advisable to have water drops down.

Citrus trees youth fertilizer fertilization technology is to introduce you to them and grow according to the friend, you can refer to these fertilization method, according to the actual situation of planting, fertilizer reasonably.

How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops?

Microbial fertilizer refers to the preparation of active microorganisms produced by the cultivation of specific microbial strains.How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops?Let me introduce you.

How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops

Microbial fertilizer is nontoxic, harmless and does not pollute the environment. Through the vital energy of certain microorganisms, it can increase the nutrition of plants or produce plant growth hormone, and promote the growth of plants.According to the difference of microbial fertilizer on improving plant nutrient elements, five kinds of microbial fertilizer suitable for pollution-free crops are introduced.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer.The process of converting molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia that can be absorbed by crops by microorganisms, either self-generated or symbiotic with plants, is called biological nitrogen fixation.Biological nitrogen fixation is in extremely mild under normal conditions of biochemical reactions, do not need high temperature, high pressure and catalyst in chemical fertilizer production, therefore, biological nitrogen fixation is the cheapest, the cleanest, most efficient fertilization process.Nitrogen can be fixed in the air in the soil and in the roots of many crops, providing nitrogen nutrition for crops and secreting hormones to stimulate crop growth.This kind of fertilizer mainly has self - generated nitrogen-fixing bacteria, combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria and so on.

Rhizobium fertilizer.Rhizobia fertilizer, it is to point to a biological fertilizer, with plenty of rhizobia can form nodules on leguminous plant root, assimilation of nitrogen in the air, improve the leguminous plant nitrogen nutrition, there are mainly the rhizobia agent such as soybean, peanut, green beans.Rhizobia fertilizer is mainly used for seed dressing, before seeding, the bacterium agent and right amount water and mix into a paste, and seed mix evenly, again in shade, after a little dry mix a small amount of mud, and finally mixed phosphate, potash, or add a small amount of molybdenum, boron, weifei, sow immediately.The amount of rhizobium fertilizer depends on the type of crop and the quality of the fungicide. For example, soybean generally USES 375-15000 billion live rhizobium bacteria per hectare.More than 300 million) about 2,250 grams per hectare. Be careful not to mix the mixed bacteria and pesticides into the seed dressing, so as not to affect the activity of rhizobia.In addition, because rhizobia has specificity, seeds should be selected according to the characteristics of the fungicide when applied, otherwise, nodules and nitrogen fixation cannot be achieved.For example, soybean rhizobia can only be used in crops such as soybeans and black beans, but not in crops such as peas and ziyun ying.

Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer.Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer is a kind of microbial product that can strongly decompose organic or inorganic phosphating substances.It can transform the insoluble phosphorus in soil into the effective phosphorus that can be used by crops and improve the phosphorus nutrition of crops.Its species are phosphorus bacteria, phosphorus - free fungi and so on.Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer can be divided into liquid phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, solid phosphorus bacterial fertilizer and granular phosphorus bacterial fertilizer according to different production dosage forms.Application method: the application of phosphorus bacterial fertilizer to phosphorus deficient but organic rich soil has a good effect. It is suitable for various crops and requires early concentrated application.It can also be used as base fertilizer or fertilizer.The specific application amount shall be subject to the product description.(1) basal.It can be mixed with farmyard fertilizer and then applied in ditch or hole.(2) fertilizer.The fertilizer was applied to the root of the crop before flowering.(3) the seed.Add some water into the phosphorus bacterial fertilizer and make a paste. Add the seeds and mix them.Seed mixing is commonly used with the mix, after the mix is not used temporarily, should be placed in a cool place cover preservation.When transplanting crops, it is advisable to use the method of dipping seedlings.

Silicate bacterial fertilizer.It can decompose aluminosilicate and apatite containing potassium such as mica and feldspar in soil, release potassium, phosphorus and other ash elements, and improve the nutritional conditions of plants.There are mainly silicate bacteria, other potassium - soluble microorganisms and so on.Silicate bacteria fertilizer dosage form at present is mainly grass carbon adsorption of solid dosage forms, its production conditions, technical requirements, quality requirements, how to use the same as the general microbial fertilizer, mainly used in potassium deficiency.The problem of lack of potassium in agricultural soil in China is becoming more and more obvious, and the production capacity of potassium fertilizer in China is seriously insufficient, which needs to be imported every year.Actually there's no shortage of total potassium content in soil is only available k in short supply, research and development and utilization of releasing from microbes, to clarify the mechanism of microbial fertilizer is an important topic of research and application.Silicate bacteria fertilizer is used for crop variety, in cotton, tobacco, sweet potato, corn and fruit trees shows good effect, such as increased about 10% of production, and can improve the quality.The main application methods are seed mixing, hole application and off-root fertilizer application.

Compound bacteria fertilizer.Contains more than two of the above beneficial microorganisms, which are not antagonistic to each other and can improve the supply level of one or more nutrient elements in crops, and contain physiological active substances.

Above is the method that planting pollution-free crop chooses microorganism fertilizer, everybody can combine actual situation of planting, choose reasonably.