Key Points and Remedial Measures of Apple Flowering Frost Defense Technology

Irrigation of water once before and after germination to reduce the soil temperature and delay the phenological period. Due to the high water content of the soil, the temperature on the ground drops slowly, which can supplement the water of the trees, and can reduce the ground radiation, increase the air temperature, and delay flowering.

     According to the weather forecast combined with the weather, smoke was smoked in the evening before the frost. If the temperature is below -5 ° C, the effect is poor. There are two kinds of smokers: one is anti-frost aerosol, the effect is very good, the formula is 20%~30% ammonium nitrate, 50%~60% of sawdust, 10% of waste diesel, 10% of fine coal powder, these materials The finer the better, and then put into paper bags or containers for standby; the other is commonly used smoking materials, which are formulated as crop tobacco, weeds, fallen leaves and other materials that are easy to produce. To make a cigarette stack method: first set up a wooden stake in the middle, and then put a wooden stake in the "ten" character, then put the smoking material together and put it around the stake, and finally put a thin layer on the stack. earth. The smoke stack is generally 1.0~1.2m high, and the bottom diameter is 1.5m. It can be placed in 3--4 heaps per acre. When you smoke, first remove the two stakes, and then ignite them with flammable materials in the holes near the ground. Ignite immediately when the temperature drops to -0 °C. If the smoke pile burns too much, you can press some soil to promote it. Warming and defrosting to alleviate frost damage.

Spraying Shanghai Yongtong Kuabao Organic Water Soluble Fertilizer on apple leaf surface to enhance the cold resistance and stress resistance of the tree, alleviate the damage caused by low temperature freezing damage to the tree body and increase the fruit setting rate. At the flowering stage, a total of 3% of polymycins 1000-1500 times +0.3% borax + 0.1% glucose is sprayed in the whole garden, and 5% isoform urea suspension can be used 1000-1500 times to prevent mildew and increase the fruit setting rate.

How should tomato colouring not even do?

Tomato in the transition period management negligence, directly affect the tomato color.

So, what factors can cause tomatoes to turn uneven color?

01. The temperature is too high or too low

The color of tomatoes depends on the lycopene in the fruit.Practice has proved that lycopene is easy to form when the temperature is 23-28℃, which promotes the fruit to turn color.If the temperature drops below 13℃ or above 32℃, lycopene production is blocked.

02, the use of fertilizer is not reasonable

When nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium scale is maladjusted, especially when turn color period nitrogen high potassium is low will affect the formation of solanthin, lead to turn color is not uniform, the tendon that often appears on tomato rot fruit, green skin fruit, tawberry fruit and so on is caused by unreasonable fertilizer.Potassium fertilizer can promote fruit expansion and improve fruit color. Therefore, there is a large amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the fruiting stage, and it takes a process for potassium fertilizer to be absorbed and utilized by vegetables after it is applied into the soil. Therefore, potassium fertilizer should be used before fruit expansion, and water soluble fertilizer with high potassium once every half a month can promote fruit expansion and color transformation.Application of potash fertilizer before the fruit turned red was ineffective.At the same time adhere to the foliar spray containing calcium, magnesium foliar fertilizer, so that the color even.

03, too many thin leaves

Sparse leaves should be paid attention to, be sure to retain the right amount of leaves.In the stage of transchromatization, the diseased leaves and the old leaves at the bottom of the plant, the yellow leaves and the leaves around the fruit that block the light should be removed. Other leaves should not be removed as far as possible.The roots are raised on leaves, with too few leaves and too few photosynthetic accumulated nutrients. In this case, the root system is prone to premature aging, and its ability to absorb nutrients is greatly weakened, thus affecting the yield and quality of fruits.For the last batch of tomatoes in the transchromative stage, it is necessary to keep at least 4-6 leaves. It is not correct for some vegetable farmers to leave only a few parietal leaves.

04, fruit disease prevention should be timely

For example, tendon rot, stripe virus disease can lead to poor staining of tomatoes.These two diseases have a lot to do with proper management and should be combined with management measures for comprehensive immunization.In order to promote tomato color, many vegetable farmers excessively increase the temperature of the shed.It's not very scientific.High temperature will inhibit the production of lycopene, affecting the normal coloring of tomatoes. 

Tomato hualian fruit can be divided into the following several cases: chapped fruit, tawny fruit, tendon rot fruit, cork fruit, virus fruit, canker fruit and so on.Different situations have different causes and different preventive measures.

Chapped fruit: the fruit enters the ripening stage and appears at the shoulder or navel

The projective chaps are called chaps.The most important reason for chapped skin is improper control of temperature and humidity, and the secondary reason is improper leaf picking.For example, in the period of green fruit or white ripeness, high temperature and drought in the shed, low humidity, leading to dry peel will appear crack;The dew on the peel surface was quickly evaporated by sudden wind, and then tiny chaps were formed on the peel surface.

The prevention of tawny fruit should be started from the following two aspects. Firstly, balanced fertilization is recommended. During the leavening period of tomato, it is recommended to apply the full-water-soluble fertilizer with high absorption and utilization rate (acacia 20-20-20+TE or acacia 15-6-35+TE).Secondly, reasonable temperature control. In the management process of the shed, it is recommended to air out when the shed temperature exceeds 25℃, and try to keep the shed temperature below 28℃.

Tendon rotten fruit: tomatoes into the mature stage, in the fruit shoulder always appear a piece of green spots, with a knife cut open the peel, can find the skin vascular bundles brown, we call it tendon rotten fruit.In the case of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient potash fertilizer and excessive watering, tendon rot fruit is easy to occur.

The key to prevent sinew rot is proper watering, balanced fertilization, avoid soil moisture too much, high nitrogen and low potassium.It is impossible to make the fruit become normal in the plant which has been damaged by the sinew. It is recommended to spray the young fruit with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (nutritaphosphorus potassium) in time, and at the same time flush with high potassium (aike 15-6-35+TE) water-soluble fertilizer. After watering, pay attention to timely weeded to maintain good permeability of the soil.

Corknut: when the plant is short of boron, the fruit surface is prone to corknut brown streakings, which do not expand or rot, and the fruit is hardened. It often happens near the fruit pedicle.Prevention is simple: apply boron containing amino acid foliar fertilizer (root bovine amino acid water soluble fertilizer) regularly before and after flowering.

Virus fruit: tomato fruit surface appeared semicircular ring markings, leading to the fruit face, and the situation in the shed sporadic occurrence, can be judged as a virus disease.In recent years, hualian fruits caused by viral diseases have occurred from time to time, which is related to the resistance of varieties.

In order to prevent the appearance of virus diseases, it is suggested to spray the related insecticides of virus diseases on a regular basis, at the same time, cooperate with thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and other insecticides to eliminate the virus-spreading pests.

Canker fruit: tomato canker disease can form white near circular disease spot on the fruit surface, the center of the disease spot has brown small point, looks like a bird's eye, this is a typical disease of canker disease.

Magic skill of preventing and controlling towel gourd starscream!!!

Towel gourd (scientific name: Luffa cylindrica (l.) Roem.) cucurbitaceae annual climbing vine;Stems, branches rough, ribbed, puberulent.Tendrils slightly stout, pubescent, usually 2-4 distinct.Petiole coarse, subglabrous;Leaf blade triangular or suborbicular, usually palm-5-7-lobed, lobes triangular dark green above, coarse, verrucous, pale green below, pubescent, veins palm-shaped, white pubescent.Monoecious.Male flowers usually 15-20, borne above racemes;Stamens usually 5, slightly closed when flowers first open, finally completely separated.Female flowers solitary, pedicels 2-10 cm long;Ovary long terete, pilose, stigma swollen.Fruit terete, straight or slightly curved, smooth, often with dark longitudinal stripes, fleshy when unripe, dry when ripe, reticulate with fibers inside.Seeds numerous, black, ovate, smooth, margin narrowly winglike.The flower period is summer and autumn.

When mature inside reticular fiber is called loofah, can replace sponge to use as washing stove and furniture;Also for medicinal use, there are cool and refreshing, diuretic, blood circulation, through the classics, detoxification effect.

Main insect pests of loofah: red spider, red mite, larva, yellow guard melon, mite, fly, inchworm, aphid, thrip, moth, melon silk borer, etc.In daily management, if the above mentioned pests are found, they should be killed in time to avoid causing serious losses.

2 billion, 200 billion bacterial fertilizer, is generally false?

Based on the current situation of fertilizer use and agricultural waste, it has become a hot spot of agricultural research at home and abroad to actively seek efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer alternatives and actively explore ways of resource utilization of agricultural waste.In this context, bio-organic fertilizer, with its unique advantages, builds a bridge for the growth of agricultural waste and crops, and opens up a sustainable development path with the circulation mode of "agricultural waste - bio-organic fertilizer - crops".

What is biological organic fertilizer after all fertilizer?

Yang xing clearly stated that bio-organic fertilizer refers to a special fertilizer that contains clear functional microbial species. The product not only contains mature organic fertilizer, but also contains a specified number of functional bacteria, which is an organic unity of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer. It belongs to the category of microbial fertilizer and is registered in the ministry of agriculture.Bio-organic fertilizer is popular among farmers for its three functions of resistance to soil-borne diseases, promotion of root growth and improvement of fertilizer utilization rate.

To be clear, species (fungicide, biofertilizer, biofertilizer), compost, organic fertilizer (fine organic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer) are not bioorganic fertilizers.The efficacy of bio-organic fertilizers should be greater than that of combined application of efficient strains (fungicides) and organic nutrient carriers.

To avoid being disturbed by opportunistic fakes on the market, the industry must understand the standards for the registration of bio-organic fertilizers.Professor Yang xingming focused on the main and secondary technical indicators for the registration of biological organic fertilizer.

Contains specific bacteria with specific functions (disease resistance, growth promotion, phosphorus solubility, potassium solubility).

At the time of registration, the specific strains do not include compost fermentation and putrid strains, air bacteria, soil bacteria, and even bacteria whose function is not clear (e.g., EM is not registered).

Effective viable count (cfu) 0.2 billion /g.This refers to the number of registered, definite and live strains, and the non-registered strains shall not be counted, nor shall the functionally ambiguous strains or dead strains.

Definition is different, meaning is different, grab leaf at will contain bacterium tens of thousands of, cannot say the leaf that this contains bacterium is worth how many money.The definition of bacteria varies greatly, and the exact concept should be the effective functional bacteria.Secondly, different strains have different functions and effects, and their costs will also vary greatly.

"Some products in the market are marked with effective live bacteria number of 2 billion, 200 billion /g, encounter this kind of products we must be careful!

Professor Yang xingming pointed out that the effective viable count (cfu) 0.2 billion /g, and the successful colonization of functional strains is enough, not that the more the better.But in the actual promotion our dealer friend actually by "on the package the fungus seed quantity measures the biological organic fertilizer the superiority and inferiority"!As a result, some defective manufacturers also have small thoughts on packaging???????In the end, farmers have to pay friends!

Valid for 6 months.That is to say, after the product is kept at room temperature for 6 months, the number of bacterial species registered is detected to be 0.2 billion /g.

Organic matter content of bioorganic fertilizer 40%.This organic matter index refers to the registered and clearly functioning microorganism growth, root colonization, function of the food rations, nutrition packages, is based on research results, according to the formulation of the deployment, rather than simply adsorption of organic fertilizer.

Moisture content 30%.This is the required water content (note: less than or equal to 30) to ensure the survival of functional bacteria, rather than the connotation of the water content in the index of organic fertilizer.In fact, the water content of mature organic fertilizer should be adjusted to 30%, can not use biological organic fertilizer water to alleviate the water pressure of organic fertilizer.

Biological organic fertilizer has four characteristics, which can be simply summarized as: organic is the basis, biological function, fermentation is the soul, quality is the guarantee.

Microorganisms play an important role in the soil such as activating the nutrients needed by plants, passivating toxic and harmful substances and forming pellet structure, while organic fertilizers provide "food" for microorganisms. Without one or the other, healthy soil and high-yield and high-quality crops can be produced.

The frostbitten pomelo tree should be heavily fattened before flowering

Frozen grapefruit must be in the minor cold?During the big cold period, the pre-flowering fertilizers were mainly organic fertilizers with high quality and complete nitrogen-phosphor and potassium fertilizers, with increased application of phosphor and potassium fertilizers and biological bacterial fertilizers.The results of more than five years of the tree, each of the human and livestock manure 15~20 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15:15:15) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.75~1 kg, calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1~1.5 kg, potassium sulfate 0.25~0.5 kg, compound biological fertilizer 0.5~0.75 kg.

All the fertilizer fully mixing evenly mixed, and around the canopy drip line, dig deep, each 25 ~ 30 cm wide ring groove, the mixer mixing fertilizer broadcasting within the annular groove, cover soil, covering all the fertilizers, then each tree Lin shi 40 ~ 50 kg water or biogas slurry or retting rotten people and livestock manure, to water infiltration into the soil completely not to drain is advisable.

In addition, but also timely root topdressing.Spray 0.1% borax, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.1% zinc sulfate, 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600-fold amino acid complex microfertilizer, 1000-fold trialkanol, and 1500-fold 0.001% natural brassin-mixed solution on the leaf surface every 7 to 10 days for continuous 2-3 times.

Method to improve the fertilizer utilization rate of balsam pear

One, dig a annular ditch in 20 cm inside balsam pear plant, ditch depth 5 cm, then each ditch into compound fertilizer 50 grams or 80 grams of biological fertilizer, with soil after the ditch watering.Can also be in balsam pear plant inside 20 cm to dig a half meter long strip ditch, each ditch into the amount of fertilizer, the effect is also good.Need to pay attention to is, balsam pear after each topdressing, must be timely watering, so that absorption effect is good.

Two, balsam pear with water irrigation fertilizer, so that the number of balsam pear mu planting plants is small, only 200-300 plants per mu, only 3-6 plants per row, if the water with irrigation method topdressing fertilizer, fertilizer utilization rate will be very low, serious waste.Therefore, small make up in this remind vegetable friends, balsam pear topdressing fertilizer should be changed to centralized fertilization, such as digging ring ditch application, so can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

What problem does cucumber topdressing need to notice?

Cucumber is a daily edible summer vegetables, for the planting of cucumber friends, fertilization is a key link, the cucumber topdressing need to pay attention to what problems?The following to introduce the cucumber fertilizer technology.

cucumber

Transplanting to sitting before melon should see seedling topdressing, and control the amount, it is appropriate to use "thin fertilizer frequently, a small amount of food" topdressing method, if the topdressing is too much and too concentrated, easy to cause plant growth, affect reproductive growth, and even cause flower, melon.Can apply slightly commonly dilute fecal water or fluid of biochemical organic fertilizer can.

Cucumber is a kind of vegetable with a shallow root system and a large amount of fertilizer. In the production process, in addition to applying sufficient organic fertilizer, a large amount of chemical fertilizer should also be applied, and the top dressing should be increased from the young fruit stage to the harvest stage to promote the growth and development of the fruit and the demand for nutrients in the growing stage.In the growing period of root melon, quick effect fertilizer 2?For 3 times, 30% human excrement and urine leaching liquid can be selected to ensure that the plant does not lose fertilizer.In order to meet the needs of plant growth in the middle and late stage of growth, it is necessary to avoid defattening in the late stage, which may cause premature aging of the plant or the appearance of malformed melon.Human manure or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied once every 10 days.

Cucumber fertilizer

Cucumber not only absorbs nutrients from the soil by the roots, but also can absorb mineral nutrients from the leaf surface to promote the development of fruit expansion.4 times foliar fertilizer, available biochemical organic liquid fertilizer 300?500 times liquid, also can choose chelate state multivariate compound microfertilizer 500 times liquid, or supplement boron, zinc, iron and other microfertilizers, in order to improve the quality of cucumber, enhance the resistance of plants, prevent premature aging.

Top dressing of cucumber should not be applied in wet soil, which is likely to cause differentiation of female flowers and malformation of melon, resulting in physiological diseases such as deciduous leaves, falling flowers and mellifluous melon. Applying fertilizer at high temperature will lead to high water evaporation of plant leaves, which will affect the effect of fertilizer.In addition, fertilization time in the morning or evening is appropriate.

Above is the introduction of some cucumber fertilizer technology, planting cucumber friends, can refer to the above fertilizer technology, combined with the actual planting conditions, reasonable fertilizer.

Techniques for fertilizing vegetables in sheds

The temperature in early spring is unstable and changes frequently, which will lead to the difficulty of fertilizing vegetables in the shed. If the method is not scientific, it will have a great impact on the normal growth of vegetables in the shed.That early spring shed vegetable fertilization how to apply fertilizer correctly?Here we introduce the shed vegetable fertilization technology.

How to properly fertilize shed vegetables

1, heavy base fertilizer light top fertilizer

The principle of applying enough basal fertilizer and less topdressing fertilizer should be mastered in the production of vegetables in sheds.The proportion of general base fertilizer should account for about 70% of the total amount of fertilizer applied, among which phosphate fertilizer can be increased to 70% due to slow decomposition.The top dressing of nitrogen and potassium should be 50%.High quality farmyard compost, farmyard manure must be fully mature, the usage amount per mu is about 5000 kg, high quality organic compound fertilizer per mu is generally 75 kg, not more than 100 kg.The rest of top dressing should be controlled flexibly according to the growth of vegetables and the regular period of fertilizer demand.

2. Apply organic fertilizer appropriately

Organic fertilizer nutrition is comprehensive and balanced, not only can improve the soil, improve the ability of fertilizer and water retention, but also can make the fertilizer release steadily, but also can adjust the balance of soil acidity.In addition to the application of farm manure, the application of bio-organic or bacterial manure should also be strongly advocated.This kind of organic compound fertilizer can supply a large number of element fertilizers and a variety of trace elements, supplement the organic matter to improve the soil, inhibit the harm of some diseases and insects in the soil, and avoid the concentrated supply of soil fertilizer.

Techniques for fertilizing vegetables in sheds

3, dressing appropriate ditch deep application

Because of the high degree of tightness of the vegetables in the shed, it is very easy to make the fertilizer volatilize when applying the fertilizer in the shallow layer, which not only reduces the fertilizer effect but also easily produces the harm of ammonia gas.Topdressing, a hole or strip, depth of 5?Six centimeters, two to the vegetable root system to maintain 8?It's 10 centimeters away.

4, according to the temperature of dressing

Nitrogen fertilizer, especially urea and producyion only when converted to nitrate nitrogen is easy to be absorbed by vegetables to the external cause is a absorption temperature conditions, when the relative temperature below 15 ℃, nitrifying bacteria and the activity will be subdued.Therefore, top application of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out around noon in sunny days.For nitrogen deficient vegetables or leaf vegetables such as spraying 0.5%?Urea solution at 1.0% concentration will work better.

The above is the introduction of the fertilization technology of shed vegetables. The vegetable farmers who plant shed vegetables can use the above fertilization technology in a more scientific way according to the actual situation.

Did you know the first person in the world to eat tomatoes?

The tomato used to grow in the forests of Peru.Because it is gorgeous and attractive, people are afraid of it toxic, only appreciate its beauty and dare not eat it.In the 16th century, the duke of England, erodagri, brought back a tomato plant from South America as a present to his lover, queen Elizabeth.From then on, the tomato fell to Europe, but still no one dared to eat it.At the time, British doctors warned that eating tomatoes could be life-threatening.If colonel Robert, an American, hadn't taken the first step, people would still not know what a tomato tastes like. 

In 1830, Robert brought back several young tomato plants from Europe and planted them on land in his hometown of Salem, New Jersey.But when the tomatoes are ripe, none of them can be sold because they are considered poisonous.Robert had to announce to the whole town that he would eat ten tomatoes in public to see if they were poisonous.The townspeople were frightened by Robert's "wild talk".One of the doctors predicted that this strange colonel must be impatient with life, and must die of his own folly. 

It was Robert's tomato day.Thousands of residents of the town flocked to the courthouse to see how he killed himself with a tomato.At twelve o 'clock noon colonel Robert appeared.Dressed in a black suit and smiling, he slowly walked up the steps. Then he took a red tomato from the little basket and held it up to show the crowd.After a few thousand pairs of eyes had proved it to be true, he took a bite out of the tomato in full view of the public, praising its taste as he chewed.When Robert took the second bite, several of the women fainted on the spot.A moment later, all 10 tomatoes were eaten by Robert, who was still standing on the steps, waving to everyone.The crowd gave him a round of applause and the band played a triumphal song for him. 

Robert's action proved that the tomato was not poisonous.The tomato became famous and spread all over the world.Then they analyzed the main ingredients of the tomato and proved that it was a very nutritious vegetable with many vitamins. So they took it out of the park and planted it in the garden.

When growing such a beautiful and delicious tomato, sunlight, management, land and fertilizer cannot be ignored.As for fertilizers, I would like to recommend lemandou water-soluble fertilizer with advanced technology, pure raw materials, good water-solubility, long fertilizer duration and strong absorption and transformation ability.Balance fertilizer can be used at the early stage, and high potassium fertilizer can be used at the stage of tomato turning color and raising fruit, which can produce high yield and taste more delicious with fast turning color.

If go back hundreds of years, do not know tomatoes can be eaten, in the face of this beautiful and attractive "Wolf peach", you will be the first to eat tomatoes?

Principles and application of water treatment agents

Water treatment agent is a necessary chemical agent in the process of industrial water, domestic water and waste water treatment.It is the first effect of moderate scale and the composition of the sludge, reduce foam, cutting materials contact with the water erosion, remove the suspended solid in the water, and toxic substances, deodorant decoloring, softened water, etc.

Sharply because the current world nations water to add, also all kinds of environmental statutes heels (water purification method) to formulate, severe day by day and so on all kinds of efficient water disposal reagents to improve soon.In our country, and the capital of the increasingly serious water crisis contradiction of water disposal reagents is produced to a very low, quality also is not all, so accelerate the development of the environmental protection material property of water disposal reagents to carry out the fire.