Sewage treatment plant effluent phosphorus non-compliance?

01 sewage biological phosphorus removal mechanism

Wastewater biological phosphorus removal is the use of phosphorus excess phosphorus absorption phenomenon. Polyphosphate bacteria release anaerobic phosphorus under anaerobic conditions. After entering the aerobic zone, polyphosphate accumulating PHB aerobic decomposition, the release of a large number of energy available for phosphorus accumulation and growth of bacteria.

Microorganisms absorb much more phosphorus under aerobic conditions than phosphorus released under anaerobic conditions. As the system often discharges excess sludge, phosphorus that is ingested excessively by the bacteria will also be discharged from the system, resulting in better phosphorus removal.

02 affect the phosphorus removal factors

1, dissolved oxygen

First, anaerobic areas must be controlled strictly anaerobic environment. This is directly related to the growth of polyphosphate bacteria, phosphorus release capacity and the ability to use organic substrates PBH synthesis.

Secondly, it is necessary to provide sufficient dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone. To meet the polyphosphate bacteria stored PHB degradation, release sufficient energy for its excessive use of phosphorus, in order to effectively absorb phosphorus in wastewater.

The general anaerobic DO should be strictly controlled at 0.2mg / L or less, two aerobic DO should be controlled at 2mg / L or more.

2, nitrate content

The presence of nitrate nitrogen also consumes the organic matrix and inhibits the release of phosphorus by the polyphosphate bacteria, which in turn affects the absorption of phosphorus by the polyphosphate bacteria under aerobic conditions. In addition, the presence of nitrate nitrogen will be part of the polyphosphate as an electron acceptor for denitrification, thus affecting its fermentation products as electron acceptors for fermentation acid production, inhibition of phosphorus-releasing phosphorus and phosphorus-capturing capacity and PBH Synthesis ability.

3, temperature

In general, in the range of 5 ~ 30 ℃, can receive better phosphorus removal effect

4, PH value

PH value of 6 to 8, the release of phosphorus is relatively stable

5, BOD5 load and organic properties

Generally believed that the influent BOD5 / TP greater than 15, we can get the ideal phosphorus removal. For this purpose, a partial inflow of water and a method across the primary sedimentation tank can be used to obtain the amount of BOD5 required for phosphorus removal.

6, mud age

The general purpose of phosphorus removal biological treatment system to control the sludge age 3.5 ~ 7d.

03 sewage biological phosphorus removal process

Phosphorus removal process can be divided into the main process of phosphorus removal process and the side of two types of phosphorus removal process.

In the anaerobic section of mainstream phosphorus removal process, the representative processes include A / O, A2 / O, Bardenpho, Phoredox, UCT, modified UCT, SBR and oxidation ditch.

Flow anaerobic phosphorus removal process is not in the direction of flow, but in the return flow of the measured flow on the sludge. Such as Phostrip process.

Biological phosphorus removal process advantages: phosphorus removal effect is good, and can improve sludge settling performance, reduce the phenomenon of activated sludge expansion. Here are a few commonly used processes.

1, A2 / O process

A2 / O process is based on the A / O process adds an anoxic phase, so that the mixture in the aerobic zone back to the anoxic zone denitrification and denitrification, so that the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Narrow the aeration zone volume.

However, due to the internal circulation, only a small part of the remaining sludge discharged by the system has undergone a complete phosphorus-phosphorus uptake process, and the rest basically enters the aerobic zone directly from the anoxic zone without being anaerobic, Adverse. And in order to reduce the nitrate in the return sludge, the reflux of the mixture must be increased to increase the power consumption.

2, Phostrip process

The process combines biological and chemical phosphorus removal method, part of the return sludge (about 10% to 20% of the influent flow) diverted to the anaerobic phosphorus pool, the sludge in the anaerobic pool usually stay 8 ~ 12 h, phosphorus accumulation in the anaerobic pond phosphorus release, dephosphorization of the sludge back to the aeration tank to continue phosphorus. The phosphorus-containing supernatant into the chemical sedimentation tank, adding lime precipitation. Its phosphorus removal efficiency can reach more than 90%, phosphorus content in treated effluent can be lower than 1mg · L-1, adaptability to influent water quality fluctuation is less affected by influent BOD, and phosphorus is mostly used as lime The form of sludge is removed by sedimentation, so that the sludge treatment is not as complex as the excess phosphorus sludge.

3, oxidation ditch process

Oxidation ditch process due to its special mode of operation, the formation of space oxygen, aerobic alternating changes, to achieve the purpose of nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal. It can run at low load and longer mud-age conditions, saving 10% to 20% more energy than conventional processes due to no back-flow. If the water volume or load is high, the process will account for the ground will be great.

All biological phosphorus removal system has the following characteristics: to ensure that the anaerobic zone really in an anaerobic state, there is neither free dissolved oxygen, there is no nitrate and other bound oxygen, such as by changing the sludge return and path In order to avoid nitrate into the anaerobic zone, and to prevent denitrification in anaerobic zone of phosphorus anaerobic phosphorus release of the competitive inhibition; to ensure that the anaerobic zone of water biodegradable organic content, so that poly phosphorus Bacteria in the competition with other bacteria on foodstuffs dominance, such as water can be added in the initial sludge acidic fermentation broth.



04 phosphorus removal facilities management of the operation of what matters

1, anaerobic section is the most critical part of biological phosphorus removal, the volume generally determined by the hydraulic retention time 0.5 ~ 2h, if the water content of biodegradable organic matter is higher, you should try to reduce the hydraulic retention time to ensure that aerobic Section into the water BOD5 content.

2, if the phosphorus emission standards are high, and the selected phosphorus removal process can not meet the effluent requirements, you can add chemical phosphorus removal or filtration to remove low levels of phosphorus remaining in the water.

3, in the sludge treatment process if an anaerobic state, the remaining sludge in the phosphorus will be re-released. Concentration of gravity prone to anaerobic state, phosphorus removal requirements of the remaining sludge can not use this method, but should use the air concentration, mechanical concentration, belt gravity concentration and other non-anaerobic enrichment method. If only gravity concentration is the only option, a chemical precipitation facility must be added to the process to remove the phosphorus contained in the concentrated supernatant.

4, mud age is an important factor affecting biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The higher denitrification requirements, the longer the required sludge age, the more detrimental to phosphorus removal. Especially in the water BOD5 / TP is less than 20, the muddy age to control the shorter the better. However, if the influent BOD5 is low and the activated sludge grows slowly, it is impossible to control the mud age too short, at this time, chemical phosphorus removal is required.

FIC2018 four highlights by color

The annual China International Food Additives and Ingredients Exhibition - FIC2018 will be held March 22-24, 2018 in Shanghai's National Convention and Exhibition Center. Although the FIC2018 has an exhibition area of ​​10,000 square meters larger than in 2017, it is still 4 months before the opening of the exhibition and all the booths are sold out! Tens of thousands of professionals wait for the arrival of FIC2018, the four highlights of this exhibition will be more for its color:

The biggest bright spot - a separate set of plant extracts of natural products and health food professional museum, helping to promote supply-side reform. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for safe and healthy foods and functional foods by the citizens has shown a rapid growth year by year. The development of functional healthy foods and health foods in China and the international food markets is developing rapidly, especially the natural extracts As the representative of healthy food ingredients to become China's production, consumption and exports of new growth point, thus highlighting the market demand for functional natural ingredients and additives products. to this end. FIC2018 exhibition opened the newly opened W Museum into plant extracts of natural products and health food specialty hall, there will be from natural and functional food additives specializing in ingredients products, health food products, more than 200 exhibitors, the professional exhibition Of the exhibition area increased by more than 4,000 square meters than FIC2017, the number of exhibitors nearly doubled in 2017! Exhibitors in this exhibition area are specialized in the production of natural, functional and health food products. Most of their products are of high quality and distinctive. Many of them are suppliers of export products for many years. They are good customers At the same time, we will vigorously develop product research and development tailored to the needs of high-quality food markets, continue to meet differentiated markets and actively meet the needs of a safe and healthy food market. Plant extracts of natural products and health food professional museum set up a clear theme features for the professional business provides a stage to display for the special needs of professional buyers with the procurement convenience.

Prominent highlights - to expand machinery and equipment exhibition to help promote industrial upgrading of the industry. In order to meet the needs of technological transformation and industrial upgrading of manufacturing enterprises, the upgrading of products can not be separated from the upgrading of technical equipment. It is related to the upstream and downstream industries of food to form a supply chain so that FIC can become a whole industrial chain running through the food industry Three-dimensional food business platform, full-service industries and enterprises, FIC2018 further expand the "mechanical equipment and food safety instrumentation Pavilion" exhibition scale than the previous increase of more than 1,700 square meters, with a total area of ​​10,000 square meters, in the There are 129 exhibitors in this exhibition area, an increase of 30 over 2017. Exhibitors covered such fields as food and pharmaceutical processing machinery, food packaging machinery, food testing equipment and technology, packaging materials, food additives and ingredients production and application technologies. The enthusiasm of exhibitors who intend to exhibit in this exhibition area is extremely high. Although we have expanded the area of ​​this exhibition area, we still can not meet the needs of exhibitors.

In order to help and guide the industry's technological transformation of equipment upgrades, during the exhibition will also be held in the second China-made 2025 - Machinery and Equipment Promotion Forum on the development of the food industry

, Invited food machinery manufacturing industry experts and senior leaders, in person, in order to provide guidance for the technological innovation and industrial upgrading of industrial enterprises, guide the sustainable development of the industry, guide enterprises how to upgrade the technology and equipment to promote the business Technology innovation and development for the rapid development of industries and enterprises to provide more intimate technical support to help companies get through the upstream and downstream channel information to provide integration of the industrial chain and help companies select high-quality suppliers, and ultimately to help businesses build brands and reduce supply chain The role of cost bridge. "The Second China-made 2025 - Machinery and Equipment Promotion Food Industry Development Forum" will be the highlight of exhibition services in the enterprise.

Wonderful highlights - FIC2018 let the most cutting-edge technology at your fingertips. The industry's most high-end professional Forum - Innovative Development Forum for Food Industry, the second China-made 2025 - machinery and equipment to promote the development of the food industry forum, the United States and Japan, South Korea and the United States regulatory standards forum is worth the industry look forward to! The three reports will provide the industry with the opportunity to hear top industry experts and interact with leading experts. Special reports and lectures Prospects of science and technology to explore the future development of the industry, innovation and research to create the future development of enterprises to lead the future of science and technology brand product innovation. Forum, review industry hot spots, help to promote the industry's sustainable development. High-quality authoritative forum, high-quality interactive industry, so that attendees and the most forward-looking technology information zero distance!

The exhibition will be held more than 40 new products and new technology conference, exhibitors conference on the cutting-edge technology of the actual interpretation and application, will lead the sounded the food industry sustainable development march, perspective science and technology, science and technology innovation to help enterprises and The improvement of food quality has benefited the exhibitors of the industry and their exhibitors.

Expansion of domestic and foreign exhibitors will also focus on the exhibition focused on the promotion of their respective new products, new technologies, many exhibitors put the company's new conference held at the exhibition, the exhibition will become a new product promotion and application of new technologies The first platform.

Highlights IV - FIC2018 exhibition scale and content expansion, the industry will become more attractive. FIC2018 total exhibition area expanded by 10% over the previous, reaching more than 110,000 square meters, the exhibition area and the number of exhibitors reached double growth. Although such a rapid growth rate still can not keep up the enthusiasm of exhibitors, there are still more than 100 companies waiting for a very low probability of replenishment.

FIC2018 International Pavilion, Natural Products Extract Functional Ingredients Health Products Pavilion, General Products Pavilion, Flavors and Flavors Pavilion, Machinery and Equipment and Food Safety Testing Instruments Pavilion, with 5 major professional exhibitions bringing together more than 1,400 international and domestic Exhibitors, for the food industry provides a large all-round display, exchange space. Five major professional exhibition area display, formed the food industry raw and auxiliary materials (functional food ingredients), food industry machinery and equipment, food industry innovation technology three plates for the food industry, raw material suppliers and food manufacturers to provide a food Additives, food raw materials to food processing equipment, testing equipment, from functional natural food additives and ingredients to health food, from cutting-edge technology products to the entire industrial chain solutions, one-stop product procurement, information services, large international business platform .

The expansion of FIC2018 exhibition area and the increase of exhibition contents will fully demonstrate the results of the supply-side reform. The FIC2018 comprehensively expounds the value of brand exhibitions covering trade, science and technology, information exchange, innovation and development, service coverage, and unlimited Business opportunities will certainly greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of the professional sellers, attracting the world's largest coffee industry and senior sellers gathered together!

Carbendazim treatment of those diseases?

Carbendazim is a low toxicity and efficient broad-spectrum systemic fungicide, scientific name benzoglycerol 44, pure white crystalline solid, the original drug is brown powder. It can prevent and treat many fungal flower diseases caused by many ascomycetes and half-know bacteria. Carbendazim can be used for foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment. Qiannong Xiaobian simply introduce to you those carbendazim disease it!

Carbendazim Indications vegetable disease

1, control onions, leek gray mold, with 50% WP 300 times spray; control eggplant, cucumber sclerotinia, melons, beans anthracnose, pea powdery mildew, with 50% WP 500 times spray ; Prevention and treatment of cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes, lettuce, bean bean sclerotinia, tomato, cucumber, bean gray mold, spray with 50% wettable powder 600-800 times; prevention and treatment of cruciferous vegetable white spot, cowpea coal mold , Celery early blight (spot disease), with 50% wettable powder 700-800 times spray. These sprays are the first time in the incidence of the first medication, spray an interval of 7-10 days, continuous spraying 2-3 times.

2, tomato blight control, according to the seed weight of 0.3-0.5% dressing; prevention and control of bean fusarium wilt, 0.5% by seed weight seed dressing, or seed soaking with 60-120 times 12-24 hours.

3, cucumber, tomato blight, eggplant Verticillium wilt, with 50% wettable powder 500 times wave irrigation, 0.3-0.5 kg per plant irrigation, the incidence of heavy block 10 days after reperfusion 2 times.

Carbendazim attending tree diseases

1, pear sprouting and Xie Hua, with 50% WP 500 times the spray 1 times, after every 7-10 days spray 1, 2-3 times in a row, can prevent pears scab.

2, with 50% wettable powder 500-800 times the liquid from the early onset of apple spray prevention and control, 7-10 days and then spray 1 times, can control apple brown spot disease.

3, from the grape leaves after the fruit coloring before, every 10-15 days with 50% WP 500-1000 times the spray, the grape black pox disease, white rot, anthracnose, control effect is good.

Carbendazim Indications medicinal plant diseases

1, in the early stages of the disease with 50% wettable powder 600 to 800 times the liquid spray or watering, prevention and treatment of Panax leaf rot, Mandala Verticillium wilt, Chuanxiong root rot, Atractylodes root rot and blight, Yam blight, Astragalus root rot, licorice root rot, Chinese wolfberry root rot, ginseng rust rot, blight and damping-off disease, the amount of daily scale withered rot disease.

2, spray: Generally 50% wettable powder 600 ~ 1 000 times the beginning of the onset of pesticide application, spraying every 7 to 10 days, can prevent and cure Anthracnose, Tambundo disease, Scrophulariaceae spot disease, Corynebacterium sclerotiorum, bergamot scab, Ophiopogon anthracnose, peony leaf spot disease, saffron rot disease (Fusarium wilt disease), anthrax on the amount of days, vanilla stalk rot and so on.

3, control the amount of anthracnose per day, as the propagation of stem material, pre-planting with 50% WP 800 times soak for 10 minutes. Or spray, until the liquid dry after planting. Prevention and treatment of ginseng rust, in the Senate seedlings transplanting before, with 50% WP 500 times soaking seedlings 8 to 15 minutes, seedlings to be dry before planting.

How to fertilize flowers?

Now more and more friends breeding a variety of flowers, flowers in the breeding process also need to properly fertilize the flowers in order to promote better flower growth. Here to tell you about flower fertilization technology.

How to fertilize flowers

Fertilization is more complicated flowers, the general principle is: a small amount of fertilizer should be repeated many times; inorganic fertilizers can not sprinkle or contact with the stem base; organic fertilizer to re-use pile heap composting; summer high temperature and humidity weather when the plant should grow more vigorous ; Winter low temperature light weak plant growth should be less applied; after heavy rain or plant yellowish green dull lack of fertilizer to make timely replenishment, etc., to give you a briefing on the fertilization technology of flowers.

1, flower basal: a large area to plant flowers or nursery nursery bed to use more matured organic fertilizer. Base fertilizer application 1500-3000 pounds / mu, if the switch to cake, bone meal, livestock dry excrement, then the amount of 100-200 kg / mu, or at the same time osmosis biological fertilizer 20-40 kg / mu, leveling into the soil evenly , A few days later can be planted. More nutrition seedbed adsorption strong media such as peat, before planting seedlings by adding the right amount of nutrients, so that after full adsorption and then planted, but also by adding 0.001-1ppm manganese, iron, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum trace elements .

2, potted flowers topdressing: Potted flowers due to the limited capacity of the pot of media need to be added at any time a variety of nutrition. For young plants that have returned to green leaves, they should begin to top-dressing and top-dressing depending on the size of the pots. Each pot is applied 40-40 grains of compound fertilizer (imported compound fertilizer); for robust seedling plants, each pot 100-120 tablets administered times, 2 times a month, the other with the spray liquid fertilizer 5? 8 times; in case of heavy rain should be supplemented top dressing once. Top dressing should be applied around the pot, as far as possible away from the base of the stem, in particular, can not let fat fall into the leaves (such as dracaena, pineapples, etc.) in the center. If you need to urge flowers can add 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, accelerate the development of robust flower buds, generally 3-5 sprayed once.

Flower fertilization technology

Different types of potted flowers top dressing method:

(1) bulbous, succulent flowers topdressing: due to the bulbous and fleshy stems can store nutrients, and less root, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by half the normal amount. Because of their high demand for nitrogen, potassium and calcium, the use of liquid fertilizer often with potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate-based use.

(2) fibrous roots dressing: such flowers require planted in the loose medium, such as the Western Rhododendron, ornamental pineapple and so on. Top dressing requires a small number of times, the amount of fertilizer for the normal amount of 1 / 5-1 / 4, that is, each pot fertilizer 15-30 can be applied Hefei.

(3) large-leaf type shade shade foliage top dressing: This flower grow rapidly, developed root system, the amount of fertilizer required, such as Araceae Evergreen and so on. In addition to the normal amount of fertilizer by the normal amount of 2 times a month, each application of Hefei 100-120 tablets, plus spraying liquid fertilizer 5-8 times.

(4) bonsai top dressing: bonsai fertilization is characterized by less quantity, longer effective fertilizer. Generally slow organic fertilizer such as bone meal, cake, etc. as the main body, with the slow release of urea formaldehyde, phosphate rock and a small amount of available fertilizer formulated. If there is no ready-made potted bonsai fertilizer available on the market to spend fertilizer into olive oil or plastic film coating liquid treatment, you can achieve sustained, long-lasting, the fertilizer can be buried shallow basin substrate. Large-scale production of bonsai can be used liquid fertilizer spray method, spray every 3 to 5 days, phase water spray salt once can.

The above is the introduction of flower fertilization technology, breeding flowers friends can refer to the above method of fertilization, combined with the actual farming conditions, fertilization reasonable.

Eggplant fertilization principles

Eggplant is a larger amount of vegetables to be fertilized, what are the principles of fertilization? Here to tell you about eggplant fertilization principles.

Eggplant fertilization

First, heavy basal fertilizer

Eggplant is hi fat and fertilizer-resistant crops, growing longer, to obtain high yield, planting foot before applying fertilizer. The amount of basal fertilizer accounts for 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the total amount of fertilizer, generally 5000-7000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer (chicken manure, horse manure, cow dung, pig manure, etc.) per acre, preferably 2/3 , 1/3 with appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 25-50 kg, and then concentrated into the planting ditch or planting hole.

Second, sub-top dressing

Eggplant results of a long period, the need to repeatedly topdressing. Eggplant absorption of nutrients in the flowering after the rapid increase, so the key period of top dressing is "gorgon stare" to "four door Dou Dou" harvest. In this period of time can be topdressing every 10-15 days 1 times, topdressing 15-20 kg of ammonium sulphate or 7.5-10 kg of urea per mu, or topdressing 500-600 kg of decomposed human excrement. Fertilization methods can ditch facilities, points or irrigation facilities. If it is midsummer hot season or greenhouse cultivation, should be avoided with the water Chong Shi, to prevent volatile active ingredients, resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer damage.

What are the principles of eggplant fertilization

Third, root out of fertilizer

Aubergine leaves lack of nitrogen yellow, magnesium near the main vein easily chlorotic green yellow, often deciduous and affect the yield. To make up for lack of root fertilization, starting from the fruiting period, according to the growth of eggplant with 0.2% -0.3% urea solution, 0.2% -0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 0.1% -0.2% magnesium sulfate solution for foliar spray fat. The general spray 7-10 days 1, and even spray 2-3 times.

Fourth, Shen Shi phosphate

Eggplant seedling need more phosphorus, into the fruiting period and the results of the peak absorption of phosphorus decreased. Therefore, more phosphorus fertilizer at seedling stage can promote root development and seedling survival after planting, is conducive to plant growth and increase production. Eggplant into the fertility stage, due to reduced phosphorus, so should be less or no phosphate, so as not to promote the development of seeds in the fruit, causing pericarp sclerosis, quality degradation, affecting the value of eggplant products.

Eggplant fertilization principles

Fifth, less fertilizer

Fertilizer in the process of eggplant, we must grasp the main organic fertilizer, fertilizer supplemented by the principle of fertilization. Fertilizer dosage can not be too large, especially nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid excess nitrogen caused eggplant nitrate accumulation, and endanger human health.

The above is the introduction of the principle of eggplant fertilization, planting eggplant friends in the fertilization time, we must pay attention to these principles, do not blindly fertilization.

Fertilizer: You will use it?

Fungus is not good, used to know! In recent years, bacteria fertilizer into our sight, its unique biological function of bacteria in improving the soil, improve crop quality results have also been gradually recognized by farmers. However, due to the fact that most peasant friends have more control over the effectiveness of the bacteriostat, nutrient content and fertilization methods, it is difficult to achieve the desired results. Today we talk about the issue of bacterial fertilizer:

What is the role of bacterial fertilizer

Bacterial fertilizer is the common name of microbial fertilizer, it is a kind of auxiliary fertilizer with live bacteria. There are a large number of microorganisms in the soil (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes), generally contain hundreds of millions to billions of microbes per gram of soil. Some are good for crop growth and some are harmful. People use scientific methods to separate from the soil, breeding beneficial microorganisms, after training, breeding, made of bacteria agents, these agents used in agriculture, the crop yield, known as bacterial fertilizer. At present, China's production and application of bacteria mainly Rhizobium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, EM bacteria and other fertilizers. Bacteria fertilizer is beneficial to microorganism, antagonistic to harmful microorganisms, promoting the transformation of nutrients in the soil, improving the availability of soil nutrients, improving the nutritional conditions of crops and increasing soil fertility.

The role of bacterial fertilizer in the following areas:

1.1 to improve soil nutrient supply

Fertilizer mainly through a variety of bacteria to promote the dissolution of insoluble nutrients in the soil release. In the process of metabolism, the agent releases a large amount of inorganic and organic acid substances to promote the release and chelation of the trace elements such as silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium and molybdenum in the soil, effectively breaks the soil compaction, promotes the formation of aggregate structure, Fixed ineffective fertilizers are transformed into effective fertilizers to improve nutrient supply, aeration and porosity in the soil.

1.2 to promote crop growth

The use of bacterium fertilizer promotes the production and regulation of stimulating hormone and promotes the growth and development of crops. The use of fungi can promote the production of gibberellins, auxin and other active substances.

1.3 enhance the ability of crop disease resistance

Some strains of bacterial fertilizer have the function of secreting antibiotics and various active enzymes to inhibit or kill pathogenic fungi and bacteria. A large number of field trials have proved that the application of bacterial fertilizer can reduce the incidence of pests and diseases and enhance the resistance of crops. Such as cotton yellow blight, rice blast, wheat powdery mildew, stalk rot, vegetable damping-off disease, blight, bacterial wilt and so have some control and inhibition, a large number of experiments show that Endemic microbial agents can be effective Inhibit the occurrence of certain species of nematode. Bacterial fertilizer is also obvious drought, cold, lodging, salt and alkali effects, enhance crop disease resistance, thus effectively preventing the occurrence of crop physiological diseases.

1.4 increase production, improve quality

The use of microbial fertilizers can increase the content of vitamin C, amino acids and sugars in agricultural products and effectively reduce the nitrate content, so that the agricultural products produced are delicious and good-looking, and they are selling at a good price. Can increase crop yield by 20-30% differently.

The correct application of bacterial fertilizer:

Fertilizer use less, the single application is not easy to apply, before the casing susceptible to the effects of sunlight, the wind and the wind will happen to run the wind can be mixed with organic fertilizer deep application of better, can also be mixed with nutrition soil Nursery vegetables, vegetables can also be applied when planting or ditch facilities.

(1) bacterial fertilizer long duration. Because of the strong vitality of biological bacteria, the general fertilizer up to 150 to 180 days, the first quarter of the crop is only applied once to meet the growth and development of the crop's life requirements.

(2) Bacterial fertilizer is a kind of active bacteria. When applied, it must be buried in the soil and can not be applied to the earth's surface. Generally it is applied to 7 ~ 10cm. As the biological bacteria on the crop roots and seeds do not cause any harm, so the application of microbial fertilizer should be close to the crop roots to maximize contact with the crop roots in order to give full play to biological fertilizer efficiency. For seed fertilizer, applied to the seeds just below the 2 ~ 3cm Department; as close as possible when the top dressing for the root system is good; foliar spraying should be carried out after 3 pm and sprayed on the back of the leaves to prevent ultraviolet light to kill Species.

(3) Fertilizer and other fertilizers with a good effect. Bacterial fertilizer is a kind of high content of biological agents, applied to the soil takes 15 to 20 days to play a fertilizing effect, the majority of biological bacteria need to be restored under the action of nitrogen, so the amount of fertilizers to be modest with a small amount Of nitrogen fertilizer, the general compound fertilizer per hectare 25 ~ 30kg, and according to different situations, with the application of 45 ~ 75kg urea, 75kg diammonium phosphate. If combined with organic fertilizers (80kg of organic fertilizer per hectare), the physical and chemical properties of soil can be accelerated, the content of soil organic matter can be increased, and the activity of biological bacteria can be increased.

(4) Maintaining suitable temperature and humidity conditions of soil: The bacterial fertilizer can be applied under soil conditions with soil water content above 30%, soil temperature between 10 and 40 ℃ and pH between 5.5 and 8.5. Watering in time when soil water content is less than 30%, and timely cultivating loose soil to maintain soil moisture, improve soil temperature.

(5) Preparation of nutrient soil: Generally take the pastoral soil (non-pesticide contaminated pastoral soil) 60kg, fully ferment the maturity of man, livestock and poultry manure 30kg, plus compound fertilizer 10kg, stir well. The nutrient soil can be used for crops, vegetables, fruits, fruit trees and other seedlings, seedlings and other use.

Application and promotion should pay attention to matters:

Biological Fungus plays a key role in the species, but the species is invisible, how to determine the pros and cons of a biological fertilizer?

First of all to see if there is no registration certificate of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture registration certificate of the microbial fertilizer may be real;

Second, look at the sustainability of the brand, in general, the longer the brand, the higher the credibility;

The third point is that operators must do their own experiments. With these three basic can determine the advantages and disadvantages of bacterial fertilizer.

In addition, in the application process should note the following:

3.1 Valid and effective live bacteria At present, the effective life of microbial fertilizer in our country more than 1 year survival time, so the optional fertilizer to be used as soon as possible, storage time is too long, the species dormancy may be destroyed. Bacteria effective bacteria can not reach the standard number of bacteria can not be purchased. The number of viable microorganisms of microbial agents in the state is more than 200 million / g (100 million particles / g), and the effective viable count of compound microbial fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer is more than 20 million / g. If you do not meet this standard, indicating the quality of products can not meet the requirements.

3.2 temperature and humidity, soil and application of microbial fertilizer application of the best temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 37 ℃, less than 5 ℃, higher than 45 ℃, the application effect is poor. The high temperature, low temperature, drought conditions, crop plots should not be applied. Azotobacter fertilizer moisture content of the soil moisture is 60% to 70%. Sulfur-rich soil and rust paddy fields, should not be applied to fertilizer, because sulfur can kill biological bacteria. For thickened paddy fields, generally do not spread, with the spray method will be better. Biological fertilizer is not a quick fertilizer, nutrition critical period in the crop and nutrient absorption period of 7 to 10 days before the application, the best.

3.3 dosage and mix

Soil into the more fertilizer, although there will be no phenomenon of burning roots burning seedlings, but it is not applied to the more the better. The blind application of biological fertilizer in large quantities will increase the input cost of fertilizer and reduce the cultivation efficiency of crops.

Therefore, should be based on the needs of different crops and soil nutrients, the scientific determination of biological fertilizer amount of fertilizer in order to achieve the purpose of increasing production and income.

Remember: Do not mix the bacteriostat with fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and sulfur-containing fertilizers (such as potassium sulphate), and straw ash, as these drugs and fertilizers can easily kill biological bacteria. Or first fertilizer, every 48 hours, then fight weeding. If the seed dressing should not be mixed with germicide seed mixed use. Do not mix and decayed farmyard fertilizer.

Domestic sewage turned heating source

In addition to domestic sewage into the sewage treatment plant, what value can be used? Recently, in the North Third Ring Road in Xi'an City, Lee Jun-future city to see the magical scene, the sewage turned into an essential heating for the district baby. It is understood that the future city of Lijun is the city's first residential area with sewage heating.
The company is located in:
Most residents are satisfied with the heating effect
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According to "Xi'an City Central Heating Management Regulations" provisions of the heating period of the central heating enterprises to ensure that central heating users to maintain indoor temperature 182, not less than 16. In the afternoon of recently, most of the residents in the district were satisfied with the effectiveness of heating by this waste utilization method.
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"Our home temperature is basically maintained at 20 or more, to be indoors a thin sweater enough, too hot at night, we have to open the window breathable it." Living in Building 18, Miss Wu Home bought a special indoor thermometer this year, in order to monitor the indoor temperature at any time compliance. Mrs. Wu also raised his finger to point to his home, looked up, many of the windows of this building are half open.
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Is this resident really good? With an electronic thermometer came to the second floor of Building 7, 14th floor, knocked on the door of an owner, I saw Mr. Dong wearing a vertical striped warm shirt. "My family did not dare to heat anymore, so I'm opening a two-bedroom window for fresh air now." Mr Tung left the window from the house in the morning until about 3 pm on the same day and the windows were always open At this point, the thermometer shows the room temperature is 22.6-22.9.
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Sewage source heat pump is how heating?
The company is located in:
According to reports, this heating method is used in the traditional heat pump form, that is, sewage source heat pump heating. Sewage source heat pump heating in the form and the traditional municipal central heating What is the difference? The project implementation unit official said that the sewage source heat pump heating is not directly to the sewage heating, but extract the sewage 3-5, as a heat pump unit heat sink, heat pump unit through the energy conversion, the softened tap water warmed to about 50, through Heating pipeline to the households to warm the pipeline. Therefore, the hot water entering the home is softened and heated tap water, and municipal heating is the same as the end of the water. Heat pump room installed in the basement of the district (the original heat transfer station location), a professional staff to maintain.
The company is located in:
"The municipal sewage discharged into the underground pipe network has its own temperature, and in winter, the temperature of the winter sewage in Xi'an is kept at 13-18, which is the ideal heat source for the heat pump system." The project leader in charge of the project continued to explain that the introduction of sewage Dedicated tube heat exchanger, the sewage temperature will be passed to the clean water, and sewage will be discharged back to the main canal, then the principle of heat pump unit is the use of refrigerant liquid - gas - liquid cycle changes in the principle of heat and heat absorption, warming After the building heating. Specifically, in the process of heat exchange, except for the change of temperature of water, neither water resources nor water quality deteriorate.
The company is located in:
The person in charge also said that the system uses the advanced domestic sewage heat extraction device, with a number of "domestic initiative, leading technology," advanced technology to ensure continuous and stable operation of the system for the supply and return water temperature maintained at 50-40, Is an effective supplement to the city's central heating.
The company is located in:
You can save 3/4 operating costs
The company is located in:
Extracting heat from sewage can not only reduce pollution, but also save energy. The person in charge of the project pointed out that when the sewage source heat pump is heating, it only needs to consume a little electric energy, eliminating the boiler room system of coal, oil, gas and the like, without the combustion process and avoiding the air pollution caused by the exhaust smoke. With the sewage source heat pump system, each ton of sewage obtained by the use of heat, equivalent to burning 1 kg of standard coal produced by the heat. He calculated the sum of 1 tonne of water from 15 to 45, which required 30,000 calories. If it takes 6.9 kg of standard coal for heating coal and 4.2 for natural gas (about 5 kg of coal equivalent), the direct electricity needs 35kwh (folded into coal about 12.3kg), while the sewage source heat pump only consumes 8.7kwh (folded into standard coal about 3kg). Sewage source heat pump is cheaper than direct electricity heating 3/4. "China produces 80 billion tons of sewage every year. If a sewage-source heat pump system is used, it will provide 25% of the city's buildings with central heating and will save 75 million tons of standard coal per day."

EU deletes "calcium sorbate" from the list of food additives

January 23, 2018, Official Journal of the EU News, EU Regulation (EU) 2018/98, Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (List of Food Additives Approved for Food), Annex III ( Approved for food additives, food spices, nutrients and other food additives list). According to Annexes II and III of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, calcium sorbate (E203), a substance authorized for use as a food preservative, as well as food coloring preparations and food flavorings, has been reassessed , Decided to remove calcium sorbate from the list of food additives.

How to use carbendazim

Carbendi is a broad-spectrum fungicide, the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by a variety of crops by fungi (such as semi-known bacteria, multiple ascomycetes), can be used for foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment, the following Guizhou Xiaobian for your simple introduction to the use of carbendazim!

1, control of wheat scab: spraying the first drug in the first flowering, spraying the second drug after 5 to 7 days. Each time hectare with 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300O grams of goods, or with 4O% carbendazim WP 1875 grams, or with 50% carbendazim WP 1500 grams, or with 80% Carbendazim wettable powder product volume 937.5 grams (active ingredient 75O grams), you can also use 40% Carbendazim suspending agent product volume 937.5 grams (375 grams active ingredient), add water 750 liters, stir evenly spray.

2, prevention and control of rice blast: leaf blast, when found in the center of the field or acute type spot when the first drug spray, and then spraying once every 7 days. Prevention and treatment of rice blast, in the rice breach and heading stage spraying 1 times. Each hectare with 25% carbendazim wettable powder product volume of 3000 grams, or with 4O% carbendazim WP 1875 grams, or 50% carbendazim WP 150O grams of goods, or use 8O% Carbendazim WP 937.5 grams (750 grams active ingredient), you can also use 40% Carbendazim suspension agent product volume 937.5 grams (375 grams active ingredient), add water 1050 liters, stir evenly spray.

3, Prevention and control of rice sheath blight: In the early stage of disease or young panicle formation to booting spraying, every 7 days and then spraying 1, each with 25% per hectare Carbendazim WP 3,000 grams of goods , Or with 40% carbendazim WP 1875 grams of goods, or with 50% carbendazim WP 1500 grams, or with 80% carbendazim WP 937.5 grams (active ingredient 750 grams ), You can also use 4O% Carbendazim suspension agent product volume 937.5 grams (375 grams active ingredient), add water 1050 liters, stir evenly spray, focusing on spraying rice stems.

4, the prevention and treatment of cotton seedling disease: seed dressing control cotton blight, anthracnose, per 100 kg of cotton seeds with 25% carbendazim WP 2000 g, or 40% carbendazim WP products Amount of 1250 grams, or with 50% carbendazim wettable powder product quantity 1000 g, or with 80% carbendazim wettable powder product quantity 625 g (active ingredient 500 g) seed dressing. You can also use the soaking method, each 1O0 liters of water plus 40% Carbendazim Suspension 750 grams of merchandise (300 grams of active ingredient), stir evenly soaked cotton seed solution to be more than the surface, soaking time is 24 hours.

5, prevention and treatment of sclerotinia sclerotiorum: the rape Sheng flowering and flowering of the spray 1, each with 25% per hectare carbendazim wettable powder product size 4500 ~ 6800 grams, or 40% carbendazim can be Wet goods, commercial volume of 28125 ~ 4250 grams, or with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 2250 ~ 3400 grams of goods, or with 80% carbendazim wettable powder 1406.25 ~ 2125 grams of product (active ingredient 1125 ~ 1700 grams) , 40% carbendazim suspending agent can also be used in commercial quantities 2812.5 ~ 3750 grams (active ingredient 1125 ~ 1500 grams), add water 1050 liters, stir evenly spray.

6, peanut blight, stalk rot, root rot prevention and control: before sowing, 100 kg of peanut seeds with 25% carbendazim WP 1000 to 20O0 grams, or 40% carbendazim wettable Dosage of 625 ~ 1250 grams of powder, or with 50% carbendazim 500 to 1000 grams of product, or with 80% of carbendazim wettable powder 312.5 to 625 grams of product (active ingredient 250 to 500 grams) seed dressing. Seed dressing can be peanut seeds soak for 24 hours or the seeds wet with water, and then seed according to the amount of seed dressing.

7. Pear scythetic disease prevention and control: In the pear sprout spray the first drug, after falling spray the second drug, after the decision according to the condition of the development of spraying times, the general spraying 3 to 4 times, each interval Period of 7 to 10 days. Each with 25% carbendazim WP 250 to 500 times, or with 40% carbendazim WP 400 to 80O times, or with 50% carbendazim WP 500 to 1000 times, or with 80% Carbendazim WP 800 ~ 16OO times, or with 40% carbendazim suspension Liu 4O0 ~ 800 letter liquid spray.

8, prevention and treatment of peach scab: Peach bag before spraying once, every 7 ~ 1O days after spraying 1. Spray concentration see prevention pear scab.

9, prevention and treatment of apple brown spot: the beginning of the disease began spraying, spray every 7 to 10 days 1, depending on the condition of the decision to spray the number of spraying, spray concentration see pear scab.

10, grape white rot disease, prevention and control of acne disease: the grape leaf after the fruit coloring before spraying, spraying every 10 to 15 days, each time the concentration of pesticides see Pear scytosis.

11, prevention and control of beet leaf brown spots: the beginning of the disease began spraying, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times, each time with 40% per hectare carbendazim SC 18O0 ~ 3600 grams (active ingredient 720 ~ 1440 grams), add water 900 liters, stir evenly spray.

12, poisoning symptoms: poisoning showed dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms.

13, rescue measures: can lead vomiting, gastric lavage, can also be treated with atropine, with atropine 1 ~ 2 mg subcutaneous injection, every 4 ~ 6 hours intramuscular or oral atropine 0.4 ~ 0.6 mg until the symptoms disappear.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to prevent diseases in fruit trees

Fruit trees

However, many farmers often tend to chase only nitrogenous fertilizers (such as urea and high-nitrogen compound fertilizers) during the Spring Festival, neglecting the application and supplement of phosphorus and potassium. Therefore, from the physiological needs of fruit trees and disease prevention technology, it is necessary to replenish the appropriate amount of P and K fertilizer 2-3 times in advance.

Phosphorus and potassium are good medicine for disease resistance of fruit trees. Proper application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can not only effectively prevent and control physiological diseases of fruit trees, but also prevent and control infectious diseases. Many diseases of fruit trees can be reduced by the application of phosphorus and potassium. Test data show that per mu (667 square meters) applied 25-40 kilograms of superphosphate, potassium chloride orchards of 5 kg, the incidence of rust fruit rust control effect is not less than the liquid Seoul.

The main reason that phosphorus and potassium can prevent physiological diseases of fruit trees is that some physiological diseases are caused by insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium. Phosphorus and potassium can make fruit bark, cells harden, pathogenic bacteria and viruses inaccessible. At the same time, phosphorus can promote the absorption of silicon in fruit trees and enhance the disease resistance of fruit trees.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied to fruit trees

Fruit trees after the application of phosphorus, potash, the stem hard, better able to withstand adverse environmental conditions, effectively resist the infection of pathogens outside, so that the incidence of fruit trees reduced. In addition, phosphorus can also promote the respiration and oxidation of fruit trees to strengthen, when the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in fruit trees, can produce some toxins to pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria) toxin. After the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can also make diseased fruit trees to reduce the extent of water loss, compensation for pathogenic microorganisms caused by damage to nutrition and water loss in order to improve disease resistance.

Phosphorus, potassium, although a large number of essential elements of fruit trees and disease-resistant medicine, but not to cast as much as possible. If applied too much, resulting in waste, the growth and development of fruit trees also have a negative impact. If too much phosphorus is applied, it inhibits the absorption of certain trace elements (such as zinc, etc.) in the fruit tree, resulting in underdeveloped roots, reduced branches and a large amount of dead fruit.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to prevent diseases in fruit trees

Therefore, in the mode of fertilization, selection of varieties, the amount of application, should be based on different varieties of fruit trees, different ages, different soil and other specific circumstances, to take the bottom facilities, top dressing, spraying different ways to choose varieties of diammonium phosphate, Calcium, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium humate is excellent. Application due to age, amount of fruit to determine. The general application of high-quality phosphate 20-40 kg per acre, potassium 7-8 kg; foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1% -3% of the better, the choice of pre-and post-flowering spray 2-3 times, 7 -10 days to conduct.

The above is the method of application of P and P for fruit tree disease prevention, fruit and fruit friends can refer to the above methods, combined with the actual planting situation, the scientific application of phosphorus and potassium to fruit trees.

Winter jujube winter management measures

Deep turn fertilization

Winter jujube harvest after deep soil treatment required to improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil to promote the expansion of deep-rooted tree roots, destruction of the field environment for the growth of pests and diseases, reduce the source of pests and enhance the tree vigor. Deep turning can be combined with the base fertilizer at the same time, mainly organic fertilizers, according to the soil fertility and jujube tree growth situation, as appropriate, supplemented with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, with the foliar spray photosynthetic nutrient fertilizer to help plants absorb large amounts of light , Light energy, light, nutrients supply plant growth and development to the limit. Water should be drenched in time after fertilization, after irrigation planted hoe moisture, to ensure the safety of fruit trees wintering.

Trim plastic

Winter Jujube plastic trimming methods are mainly slowing, thinning, short cut, shrinking, etc., to remove the dense branches, overlapping branches, pest branches, in order to maintain good ventilation and ventilation of the jujube bore, prompting the germination of new branches. Trimming wounds in time to spread callus anti-corrosion film to protect the wound healing faster isolation of germs infection.

Qingyuan antifreeze

Jujube tree bark cracks are overwintering pests breeding sites, so the winter clearing garden need to remove the old Alice, the complete removal of garden fruit, rotten fruit, weeds, etc., brought together outside the field burned or buried deep, can be effective Kill the park overwintering pests and diseases. And in the trunk and branches of the white coating, the whole park spraying tree generals to anti-frost anti-frost to protect the flower buds over the winter from frostbite, the implant does not dry tip

Vegetable stubble fertilization should be so!

The current is the peak of spring stubble for vegetables. Compared with the summer vegetable stubble, winter vegetable stubble time is short, more adverse environment, so there are many problems after stubble. As successive years of planting, a large number of fertilizers, greenhouse eutrophication is more serious, and some farmers to buy fertilizer and fertilizers not be properly, resulting in changes in soil physical properties, have an adverse effect on the growth of vegetables. So, here are some suggestions to growers:

one

Plow the bottom must be broken

As a result of year-round cultivation, the use of rotary tillers and other machinery to turn the ground, in 25 cm below the top of a plow layer formed. The plow bottom humus significantly reduced, bulk density, total porosity and multi-capillary pores, resulting in poor soil permeability, poor water permeability, roots under the tie difficult. Due to the existence of plow bottom, all kinds of fertilizers are mostly concentrated in about 20 cm of topsoil, making the topsoil eutrophic. As the water is difficult to penetrate below the plow floor, and easy to guide the capillary water to carry more minerals to rise, easily lead to the emergence of salinization.

Therefore, in the stubble when the depth of more than 25 cm can be used deep plowing machines, such as plows, ditching machines, deep turn machine and so on. Plow bottom to break the distribution of more uniform fertilizer, good soil permeability conducive to deep roots tie. At the same time, a large amount of fertilizer is also avoided to make the surface of the soil eutrophic. When watering, the soil can carry more nutrients into the deep soil, which can guide root growth downward and increase soil permeability on the other hand.

Two

Do not rely too much on potash

In recent years, the soil testing situation, the content of potassium in soil is gradually increased, at present, some of the greenhouse potassium content has been a serious overweight, which is very unfavorable for the growth of vegetables. Therefore, after testing has found that excessive levels of potassium soil, it is not appropriate to use potassium fertilizer.

Although beneficial to the expansion of potassium fruit potassium, but does not mean that the more potassium fertilizer, the faster fruit expansion, the higher the yield, but will also seriously reduce the yield. Potassium fertilizer seriously affect the soil in the trace elements in the movement and absorption, such as calcium and magnesium ions. The soil types in the north are mainly calcareous soil. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, including in groundwater. Therefore, the soil is not deficient in calcium and magnesium ions, but vegetables are often caused by calcium deficiency magnesium Rotten head, yellow head, umbilical rot and so on. This shows that the excess potassium ions in the soil have a great influence on the calcium and magnesium. It is suggested that if farmers have exceeded the standard of potash after soil testing, they should not use potash fertilizer in large quantities. Rather, it is to consider how to remove excess potassium from the soil either from the soil or activate it for root absorption.

three

Be careful with soil conditioner

In many vegetable growing areas, soil conditioner sold very much, of course, this is inseparable from the business promotion. Soil conditioner mainly based on steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is an alkaline fertilizer for acid soil has a good improvement effect, at the same time be able to add elements such as calcium and magnesium. So is not all the greenhouse soil can use soil conditioner it?

the answer is negative. Data show that suitable for vegetable growth in soil pH more than 6.0 to 7.5, if the pH is less than 6, you need to use appropriate alkaline fertilizer to adjust. Most of the northern calcareous soil, planting vegetables generally do not appear when the soil acidification.

Therefore, according to the actual situation of the soil to choose to use soil conditioner. If the alkalinity fertilizers, such as steel slag and phosphate fertilizer, are continuously used in the calcareous soil with weak alkalinity, it will inevitably lead to alkalization of the soil. If excessive nitrogen fertilizer is used in the alkaline soil, a large amount of ammonia gas is easily generated, resulting in gas damage.

Four

Ditch Shi, points Shi manure to be cautious

Vegetable stubble, the best method of application of base fertilizer is to use the whole shed and deep plowing, and many places there are still ditch Shi, points and other fertilization methods. Ditch Shi, points fertilizers have nutrient concentration, long supply time and other benefits, but fertilization methods to pay attention.

The first is where fertilizers are applied. Ditch Shi, hole fertilizers to maintain a certain distance with the root system, do not use the fertilizer just below the root system, although the nutrient concentration but not conducive to the root of the bar. Followed by for ditch facilities, fertilizer facilities to choose good. Manure must be thoroughly decomposed to avoid burned root rot in the soil fermentation. Organic fertilizer to choose good quality brand, so as not to choose a bad quality burnout.

Activated Sludge Treatment of Refining Sludge Wastewater

The activated sludge method was used to treat the alkali residue wastewater after pretreatment in a refinery. The activated sludge was domestically acclimated with the target wastewater as the carbon source, and then the domesticated alkali sludge was treated with domesticated activated sludge to reduce its COD (chemical oxygen demand) value. The experimental results show that the biochemical treatment of activated sludge has a significant reduction effect on the COD value of the alkali residue wastewater. Under the conditions of hydraulic retention time of 24 h, the average removal rate of COD is up to 76% and the volume load is about 0.7 kg COD / (m3 • d). After 10 days of operation, the total COD removal rate can reach about 74% Water quality reached the national emission standards (GB 8978-1996).

Refining caustic soda wastewater is the waste caustic soda generated during the alkaline scrubbing of petroleum products during the oil refining process. The main components are Na2S, mercaptans, thioethers, thiophenes, phenols, quinones and naphthenic acids, which are difficult to handle in high concentration organic One of the waste water. At present, researchers use a variety of treatment technologies based on the characteristics of industrial wastewater, including high-temperature wet oxidation and mild wet air oxidation. The United States Zimpro company first developed a wet air oxidation of industrial applications, and its application in the treatment of harmful petrochemical waste and waste. The process of organic and sulfide treatment efficiency, but the reactor requirements (high temperature, high pressure).

This kind of wet oxidation technology has a good effect on wastewater treatment, but requires large equipment investment and high energy consumption, which can not completely mineralize nitrogenous compounds and PCBs, thus limiting its wide application. Wright Chemical Company for many years and South Korea SK Group Institute of Biological Experimentation, SK will be highly efficient biological treatment technology used in the treatment of high-concentration caustic wastewater, the creation of the Wright bio-technology. This process has high adaptability to changes of pollutant concentration, poison concentration and salinity in wastewater.

However, the phenomenon of temperature increase during the operation of the process is obvious, which will seriously reduce the oxygen-dissolving capacity of the muddy water mixture in the reactor and reduce the microbial activity. Han Jianhua on the wet oxidation of sulfur-containing refinery caustic sludge made in-depth study, put forward a 'mitigation of wet oxidation deodorization - acid recovery of phenol or naphthenic acid - SBR process (treatment of alkali residue waste water process, and in 1998, in Shanghai A petrochemical enterprise has designed an industrial pilot plant which can effectively oxidize the organic sulfides and inorganic sulfides in spent lye to eliminate sulfuric acid and eliminate the stench gas emissions from the further treatment of the spent lye.However, Moderate wet oxidation has the disadvantages of incomplete treatment and harsh equipment requirements, but also because of excessively high temperature, carbon residue easily causes the pressure in the reactor and seriously affects the normal operation of the treatment device. Biological treatment of organic wastewater is convenient and fast, Mild, low energy consumption, less investment, no catalyst addition and operational safety, etc., get the general attention of researchers.

Alkali residue COD in the water generally tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands

Because of its complex composition, contains many refractory organic matter, therefore, it is necessary to explore a new method of deep treatment of alkali-based wastewater treatment plant. In this experiment, the activated sludge was domestically acclimated with the wastewater to be treated as the carbon source, and its effect on the treatment effect of alkali-based wastewater from refineries was investigated.