Disclose food additives

Food additives have been around for many, many years, dating back more than 2,000 years.As early as the han dynasty, people began to use brine to make tofu.The brine here is a food additive!

In the song dynasty, people found that nitrite can be used for anti-corrosion and keep the bacon color bright, the technique was introduced into Europe in the 13th century, the love of the local people and widely used.In other words, the beloved German sausage of today is also related to our ancestors.

The modern definition of food additives is: in order to improve food quality and color, aroma, taste, and for the sake of corrosion protection, preservation and processing technology to join the artificial synthetic or natural substances in food.

Commonly used food additives are preservatives, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, and more than 20 types of it!

The most common functions of food additives are:

Anticorrosion: to facilitate the production, processing, packaging, transportation or storage of food.

Maintain or enhance the nutritional value of the food itself: such as high calcium biscuits, high iron rice flour nutritional fortifier.

Improve the quality and stability of foods: such as antioxidants in cooking oil.Food products like cooking oil, hemp flowers and nuts used to have a regular taste of rancid, but now they're much less so because we have antioxidants.

Improve food taste: emulsifiers and thickeners in ice cream bars, for example.

Principles and application of water treatment agents

Water treatment agent is a necessary chemical agent in the process of industrial water, domestic water and waste water treatment.It is the first effect of moderate scale and the composition of the sludge, reduce foam, cutting materials contact with the water erosion, remove the suspended solid in the water, and toxic substances, deodorant decoloring, softened water, etc.

Sharply because the current world nations water to add, also all kinds of environmental statutes heels (water purification method) to formulate, severe day by day and so on all kinds of efficient water disposal reagents to improve soon.In our country, and the capital of the increasingly serious water crisis contradiction of water disposal reagents is produced to a very low, quality also is not all, so accelerate the development of the environmental protection material property of water disposal reagents to carry out the fire.

Plant growth regulator 5 big use error, careful "labor not please"!

In recent years, plant growth regulator in enhance crops resistance and increase crop yield, improve product quality, improve the efficiency of the plant played a huge role, has been recognized by more and more farmers.However, there are some obvious errors in the use of many farmers, which seriously affect the use effect.Here should remind the farmer friend when using plant growth regulator, want to prevent to enter the following five mistakes.

Myth no. 1: replace "fat" with "agent"

Plant growth regulator must be under the condition of sufficient water to exert significant effect, but the effect of some plant growth regulator was exaggerated by the manufacturers use, led some farmers use it as fertilizer use, to promote crop growth of hope on plant growth regulator, and not in the conventional technologies such as fertilization, irrigation and intertillage, digging up and down time, ultimately affect the use effect of plant growth regulator.

Myth 2: increase the dosage at will

Plant growth regulator is a hormone substance, generally only a few grams or a few milliliters per mu.But some less dosage of farmers always afraid of no effect, increase dosage of plant growth regulator or use concentration at random, not only can not promote plant growth, it will make its growth is restrained, serious and even lead to leaf malformation, dry off, whole plant death.

Myth 3: use water directly

Some plant growth regulators, such as more gibberellin used in production, must be dissolved with alcohol or warm, high - temperature liquor before water use.However, some farmers often do not read the instructions carefully before using plant growth regulator, but use plant growth regulator directly to water.Due to some plant growth regulator can not directly be dissolved in water, combined with the trace of plant growth regulator without prior mixture mixture again after "mother liquor" requires concentration, reagent is hard to a blender, will also affect the use effect.

Myth 4: mix with other substances at will

Whether plant growth regulators can be mixed with fertilizers, pesticides and other substances must be carefully read and tested before it can be determined.But many farmers in the use of plant growth regulator, to graph save trouble, often will be randomly mixed with chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, etc, to promote growth or flower and fruit, at the same time adding fertilizer or preventing pest.However, if the mixture is not appropriate, it will "double the effort" or even "lose the effort".

Myth 5: never look at the right time, always spray

Plant growth regulator must be used at the critical time of plant growth (such as the differentiation period of cucumber flower buds) to achieve the maximum effect.If used at the wrong time, the desired effect will not be achieved, and there may even be "side effects".Some farmers have insufficient understanding, think whenever spraying plant growth regulator, to be able to promote growth, increase production, income effect, so don't look at time, spraying at any time, lead to the spraying effect is not good, some even production, reduce.

Fertilization of young citrus trees

How do young citrus trees fertilize

Apply heavy fertilizer deeply, lead root deep growth.Young citrus trees are usually fertilized twice a year with heavy fertilizer, deep furrow fertilizer, and mainly organic fertilizer.Generally, in the summer rain more, high humidity, when the weeds are abundant, in the winter when the branches are old and ripe, after the plant stopped growing again.Fertilization, from citrus tree 50 to 60 cm, youth by the east-west and south-north dig a 50 to 60 cm deep, 30 to 40 cm wide, 80-100 cm long, deep groove, position of successive change, each ditch various weeds 25 to 30 kg, retting of rotten people of livestock and poultry dung 8-10 kg or 1.5 2 kg of biological organic fertilizer.The weeds are applied to the bottom of the deep ditch, and the fertilizer is mixed with the soil excavated when the deep ditch is dug. After that, the weeds can be filled back into the deep ditch and buried under pressure.

Fertilization of young citrus trees

Apply thin fertilizer frequently, a small amount many times.On the basis of deep heavy fertilizer, citrus young trees every smoke twice fertilizer, gave birth to a new tip is given priority to with quick-acting instant NPK fertilizer completely, respectively, in the old body-to keep full, ripe new tip for germination of new tip and completely show leaf, leaf size basic finalize the design, when leaf light green color.Every time shi NPK (20-20-20) of a water soluble fertilizer 80-100 grams, add water or biogas slurry or retting of rotten people and livestock manure after 5-6 kg, evenly spray on surface soil under canopy, with fat liquid infiltration into the soil completely not outflow is advisable.Or every time each NPK (15-15-15) potassium nitrate harvard or pure 150-200 grams of s-based compound fertilizer, around the canopy drip line, dig deep, each 25 to 30 cm wide ring of shallow groove, the fertilizer evenly broadcast inside the ring fence, cover soil, covering the fertilizers.With the continuous growth of citrus young trees, the amount of fertilizer gradually increased to meet the needs of growth and development.

Citrus fertilization

Apply fertilizer on the leaf surface to supplement nutrients.On the basis of applying fertilizer to citrus root, it is necessary to apply fertilizer to the leaves many times to supplement the nutrients needed by citrus.Every 10 to 15 days commonly foliar spraying 1 0.1% 0.1% magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600 times amino acid compound micronutrient fertilizer mixture, evenly spray wet all the branches and leaves, to begin it is advisable to have water drops down.

Citrus trees youth fertilizer fertilization technology is to introduce you to them and grow according to the friend, you can refer to these fertilization method, according to the actual situation of planting, fertilizer reasonably.

How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops?

Microbial fertilizer refers to the preparation of active microorganisms produced by the cultivation of specific microbial strains.How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops?Let me introduce you.

How to choose microbial fertilizer for planting pollution-free crops

Microbial fertilizer is nontoxic, harmless and does not pollute the environment. Through the vital energy of certain microorganisms, it can increase the nutrition of plants or produce plant growth hormone, and promote the growth of plants.According to the difference of microbial fertilizer on improving plant nutrient elements, five kinds of microbial fertilizer suitable for pollution-free crops are introduced.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer.The process of converting molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia that can be absorbed by crops by microorganisms, either self-generated or symbiotic with plants, is called biological nitrogen fixation.Biological nitrogen fixation is in extremely mild under normal conditions of biochemical reactions, do not need high temperature, high pressure and catalyst in chemical fertilizer production, therefore, biological nitrogen fixation is the cheapest, the cleanest, most efficient fertilization process.Nitrogen can be fixed in the air in the soil and in the roots of many crops, providing nitrogen nutrition for crops and secreting hormones to stimulate crop growth.This kind of fertilizer mainly has self - generated nitrogen-fixing bacteria, combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria and so on.

Rhizobium fertilizer.Rhizobia fertilizer, it is to point to a biological fertilizer, with plenty of rhizobia can form nodules on leguminous plant root, assimilation of nitrogen in the air, improve the leguminous plant nitrogen nutrition, there are mainly the rhizobia agent such as soybean, peanut, green beans.Rhizobia fertilizer is mainly used for seed dressing, before seeding, the bacterium agent and right amount water and mix into a paste, and seed mix evenly, again in shade, after a little dry mix a small amount of mud, and finally mixed phosphate, potash, or add a small amount of molybdenum, boron, weifei, sow immediately.The amount of rhizobium fertilizer depends on the type of crop and the quality of the fungicide. For example, soybean generally USES 375-15000 billion live rhizobium bacteria per hectare.More than 300 million) about 2,250 grams per hectare. Be careful not to mix the mixed bacteria and pesticides into the seed dressing, so as not to affect the activity of rhizobia.In addition, because rhizobia has specificity, seeds should be selected according to the characteristics of the fungicide when applied, otherwise, nodules and nitrogen fixation cannot be achieved.For example, soybean rhizobia can only be used in crops such as soybeans and black beans, but not in crops such as peas and ziyun ying.

Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer.Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer is a kind of microbial product that can strongly decompose organic or inorganic phosphating substances.It can transform the insoluble phosphorus in soil into the effective phosphorus that can be used by crops and improve the phosphorus nutrition of crops.Its species are phosphorus bacteria, phosphorus - free fungi and so on.Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer can be divided into liquid phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, solid phosphorus bacterial fertilizer and granular phosphorus bacterial fertilizer according to different production dosage forms.Application method: the application of phosphorus bacterial fertilizer to phosphorus deficient but organic rich soil has a good effect. It is suitable for various crops and requires early concentrated application.It can also be used as base fertilizer or fertilizer.The specific application amount shall be subject to the product description.(1) basal.It can be mixed with farmyard fertilizer and then applied in ditch or hole.(2) fertilizer.The fertilizer was applied to the root of the crop before flowering.(3) the seed.Add some water into the phosphorus bacterial fertilizer and make a paste. Add the seeds and mix them.Seed mixing is commonly used with the mix, after the mix is not used temporarily, should be placed in a cool place cover preservation.When transplanting crops, it is advisable to use the method of dipping seedlings.

Silicate bacterial fertilizer.It can decompose aluminosilicate and apatite containing potassium such as mica and feldspar in soil, release potassium, phosphorus and other ash elements, and improve the nutritional conditions of plants.There are mainly silicate bacteria, other potassium - soluble microorganisms and so on.Silicate bacteria fertilizer dosage form at present is mainly grass carbon adsorption of solid dosage forms, its production conditions, technical requirements, quality requirements, how to use the same as the general microbial fertilizer, mainly used in potassium deficiency.The problem of lack of potassium in agricultural soil in China is becoming more and more obvious, and the production capacity of potassium fertilizer in China is seriously insufficient, which needs to be imported every year.Actually there's no shortage of total potassium content in soil is only available k in short supply, research and development and utilization of releasing from microbes, to clarify the mechanism of microbial fertilizer is an important topic of research and application.Silicate bacteria fertilizer is used for crop variety, in cotton, tobacco, sweet potato, corn and fruit trees shows good effect, such as increased about 10% of production, and can improve the quality.The main application methods are seed mixing, hole application and off-root fertilizer application.

Compound bacteria fertilizer.Contains more than two of the above beneficial microorganisms, which are not antagonistic to each other and can improve the supply level of one or more nutrient elements in crops, and contain physiological active substances.

Above is the method that planting pollution-free crop chooses microorganism fertilizer, everybody can combine actual situation of planting, choose reasonably.

Greenhouse pepper fertilization techniques

Greenhouse pepper growth period is long, but the root system is not developed, less root, shallow soil, drought and waterlogging resistance, fertilizer resistance capacity is strong.How do you fertilize your greenhouse peppers?Here are some tips for fertilizing greenhouse peppers.

Greenhouse pepper

Capsicum is a type of vegetable with a large amount of fertilizer. It takes about 5.19 kg of nitrogen, 1.07 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 6.46 kg of potassium oxide for every 1000 kg produced.Absorption in different growth period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients is also different, from emergence to early budding, flowering, coated with mature fertilizer consumption accounted for 5% of the total fertilizer requirement, respectively, 5%, 34% and 50%, from comes to sheng take result is chili vegetative growth and reproductive growth period, and absorb nutrients and n times, most flowers to maturity, the nutrition of plants grow weaker, the requirement of phosphorus and potassium most;In order to promote the growth and development of branches and leaves in time after ripe fruit harvesting, a large amount of effective nitrogen fertilizer is needed.

How do greenhouse chili apply fertilizer

According to the law of pepper fertilizer demand and the level of soil fertility, the secret of greenhouse pepper fertilization lies in applying base fertilizer skillfully. The following principles should be followed for specific fertilization:

1. Apply organic fertilizer again.Apply more mature organic manure (such as chicken manure).Old shed, can add a few ferment mycelium kind bioorganic fertilizer.Some bioorganic fertilizers of bacillus SPP should be applied in the greenhouse with serious soil diseases (especially dead trees).

Greenhouse pepper fertilization techniques

2. Use fertilizer properly.When fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, use as much as possible simple fertilizer, such as urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate.The compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen should be adopted as far as possible.The application of real root in seedling breeding, transplanting and transplanting period can shorten the time of pepper slow seedling and increase the resistance ability of seedlings to adverse environment.Capsicum continuous fruit sitting ability, less flowers, high yield, improve quality.

3. Distribute the proportion of basal fertilizer and fertilizer recovery reasonably.In general, organic fertilizer, micro fertilizer, 80% phosphate fertilizer, 50% potassium fertilizer and 30% nitrogen fertilizer are combined to make the base fertilizer, and the rest 70% nitrogen fertilizer, 20% phosphate fertilizer and 50% potassium fertilizer are respectively used for fertilizer recovery.Some trace elements such as borax can be sprayed on the leaf surface.

Above is the introduction of some greenhouse pepper fertilization techniques, planting greenhouse pepper fertilization friends, can refer to the above fertilization methods, reasonable fertilization.

water treatment chemicals

Water treatment agents are divided into flocculants, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, algicide, defoaming agents, cleaning agents, dehydrating agents, decolorizing agents, phosphorus removal agents and ion exchange resin.

Flocculants can be divided into inorganic flocculants and organic flocculants. Inorganic flocculants mainly include iron salts and aluminum salts, and organic flocculant water treatment is mainly polyacrylamide.The following is the introduction of flocculant products:

Polyacrylamide.

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a water-soluble polymer, insoluble in most organic solvents, has good flocculation sex, can reduce the friction resistance between liquid, by ion characteristic points can be divided into non-ionic and anionic, cationic and amphoteric ionic four types.

Action principle

A. flocculation principle: PAM for flocculation, species with quilt wadding condensation surface properties, especially the potentiodynamic, viscosity, turbidity and PH value of slurry, zeta potential on the surface of the particles, particle polymerization is to join the cause of surface charge instead of PAM, can lower the potentiodynamic and condensation.

B. Adsorption viaduct: PAM molecular chains are fixed on different particle surfaces, forming a polymer bridge between each particle, which causes the particles to form aggregates and settle down.

C. Surface adsorption: various adsorption of polar group particles on PAM molecules.

D. Enhancement effect: the molecular chain of PAM and the dispersed phase, through various mechanical, physical and chemical functions, will be associated with the dispersed phase, forming a network, thus enhancing the function.

Features and USES

Polyacrylamide has a long molecular chain, which allows it to bridge between particles, pulling them together and settling quickly;Polyacrylamide can greatly reduce the energy required by the fluid through the pipeline.So polyacrylamide is widely used in many fields.The first four major users of polyacrylamide in China are oil fields, water treatment, paper making and mineral processing.The applications of water treatment are: municipal, printing and dyeing, food, alcohol, metallurgy, electroplating, leather, coal washing, paper making, municipal sewage, steel, ceramics, river desilting, etc.

Canada approved tara for bread, butter and other foods.

Food partners according to health Canada website, health Canada recently issued notice, revised the emulsifier, gelling agent, stabilizer and thickener list ", approved by Tara gum (Tara gum department) as a food additive used in some food.

Tara gum is also known as the prickly ash, derived from the Peruvian shrubs.The endosperm of the leguminous seed of leguminosae is the raw material.

The ministry of health in Canada has assessed the use and usage of tara as a food additive in the context of risk assessment.

Using range

The use of

Bread, butter, sauerkraut, etc.

Use according to production requirement.

Cottage cheese, cream cottage cheese.

0.5%

Ice cream topping

0.5%, when mixed with other stabilizers, no more than 0.5%.

Ice milk ingredients

0.5%, when mixed with other stabilizers, no more than 0.5%.

Low calorie margarine.

0.5%, when mixed with other stabilizers, no more than 0.5%.

Sherbet.

0.75%, when mixed with other stabilizers, the total amount is not more than 0.5%.

Sour cream

0.5%, with the addition of monoglycerin, glycerin diester, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the total amount is not more than 0.5%.

Non-standardized food

Use according to production.

Cold packaged cheese food.

0.5%

Cream cheese spread.

0.5%, the total amount is not more than 0.5%.

Cream cheese dressing products.

0.5%, the total amount is not more than 0.5%.

Anthropogenic causes and preventive measures of herbicide.

In recent years, the application of herbicide area increased year by year, applying with content saved farmers ZhiHuang weed control time, but because of artificial reason, improper application of herbicide, has also brought adverse effects to production.

Improper storage, blind misuse.

Due to improper safekeeping of herbicides, packaging label fall off or label corrosion, see not clear, the wrong will as a pesticide, herbicide, fungicide application, or not according to label instructions applying herbicide, and caused the adr.Prevention: properly keep the herbicide and prevent the label from falling off. If the label is lost, the new label should be affixed immediately, indicating the name of the herbicide and the method of application.

Too much medicine, too much concentration.

The dosage and concentration of herbicides are stricter than pesticides and fungicides.Each type of herbicide has a prescribed dose, for example, a large number of superstars can cause a drug hazard to wheat.Prevention: strictly control the amount and concentration of herbicide.

Improper use of medicine

Once the herbicide is used improperly, it can cause drug damage.For example, when many herbicides are used, they are contaminated with seeds, which can cause drug damage.In the case of adjacent sensitive crops and strong winds, the spray is sprayed with herbicides, and a large number of dew droplets are floating on sensitive crops.Prevention methods: according to weeds, herbicides, environmental conditions, different application methods, skilled in safe and efficient use of herbicides.Improve the quality of administer, clear weeds herbicides applied to parts, with accurate medication time, choose without wind application in sunny day, to avoid slips on the sensitive parts of the crops or to nearby sensitive crops.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides.

The herbicide mixture can improve the effect of weeding, expand the spectrum of herbicide, disease, insect, grass and cure, save medicine, save labor, save time, save money and so on.But if blindly mixed, not only has no synergistic effect, but can reduce the drug effect, causing the drug harm.Prevention: ban the use of herbicides.The mixed pesticide should first be mixed with observation, efficacy and pesticide test.According to the experiment, after mixing, it can reduce the effectiveness of the drug, and the common varieties of drug damage are: antagonist, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide;2,4 -- D and herbicide;Gramineae and benadazone;Dimethoxychloride and acid pesticide mix;The combination of stasis and benadazone can lead to drug damage.

The sprayer is not clean.

For the use of the spray of the herbicide, did not wash in time, spray other pesticide, can cause the drug harm.If sprayed with dimethyl tetrachloride and 2, 4-d butyl ester, the cleaning is not clean and can easily cause the drug damage of dicotyledons.Prevention method: the spray machine that used the herbicide should be cleaned in time, the procedure is to wash with clean water first, then use soap or 2% - 3% alkaline water repeatedly rinse several times, finally clean with clean water.It's best to use a special spray spray.