Key points of soil, water and fertilizer management of blueberry

I. soil management
Blueberry root system distribution is relatively latent, and thin, so the requirements of loose soil, good ventilation, the main purpose of soil improvement is to create good soil conditions.
1. Rotary tillage: rotary tillage between rows in the planting garden can effectively control the growth of weeds and promote the growth and development of trees, especially in the young tree stage.The depth of rotary tillage should be l0-l5cm. Rotary tillage can not only weed, but also make the underlying soil loose and breathable, facilitate gas exchange, and promote the development of root system. However, it should not be too deep.Late autumn should not rotate farming, adverse to blueberry overwintering.
2. Soil cover: blueberries prefer acidic soil and moist climate conditions. If the soil is severely dry, the PH value is too high, and the organic matter content is low, the topsoil should be adjusted.Experiments show that in addition to chemical adjustment in production, the method of soil cover is also very effective.The method is to cover a layer of pine needles, sawdust, broken straw, leaves, etc. in the planting belt of blueberry, which can effectively increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, adjust soil temperature, maintain soil humidity, reduce soil PH value, and control weeds growth after decomposition.In most areas of heilongjiang province, larch forests are concentrated, pine needles are easy to collect, and they are a good raw material for blueberry mulching.
Ii. Water management
If there is insufficient water, it will directly affect the development of blueberry tree body and the yield of fresh fruit. When the blueberry body germinates in spring and leaves fall in autumn, the water needed is equivalent to 1OOmm per month, and the fruit expands to 30Omm for fresh fruit harvest.The main water demand stage of blueberry is the fruit swelling stage and before the fruit ripening stage. If the climate is dry and the soil is dry, irrigation should be carried out in this stage.Irrigation also depends on the type of soil, soil with high organic matter content has strong water conservation, is not particularly dry, irrigation is not necessary.Most rivers in the central and northern regions of heilongjiang province are interlaced, with sufficient water source and large soil moisture content, so drainage should be considered. For example, the soil layer of 30-4ocm on the surface of most lands in the north of suihua is black fertile soil, and yellow clay is below the fertile soil layer, which has strong water retention. Therefore, drainage must be considered.
Third, fertilization management
1. Nutritional characteristics of blueberry: blueberry is a typical calcium-intolerant plant, which has the ability of rapid absorption and accumulation of calcium. When cultivated in calcareous soil, excessive absorption of calcium will easily lead to calcium poisoning, resulting in iron deficiency and green loss.Blueberry is a low-nutrient plant with very low content of N, P and K in the tree, so too much fertilization on the blueberry is harmful to the tree body. Blueberry is ammonium nitrogen loving plant, which has a strong ability to absorb ammonium nitrogen in the soil, while nitrate nitrogen is the opposite, which is the difference between blueberry and other fruit trees.
2. Fertilization effect: with the increase of fertilizer application, the yield of blueberry decreased year by year, the weight of single fruit decreased, the ripening stage of fruit extended, the branches greened, and the branches were severely drawn in winter.The blueberry is more pronounced in the half - tall cluster.The conclusion is that when the soil humus is high, it should not apply fertilizer or less fertilizer, it is better to adopt the soil test formula, determine the amount of fertilizer applied, and the fertilization formula.Otherwise, excessive application of N could easily result in yield reduction or plant cluster death.However, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer under no circumstances. Practice has proved that fertilization is necessary under the following circumstances.
The content of organic matter in sandy soil and mineral soil is very low.If the soil organic matter content is less than 5%, the amount of fertilizer applied must also be determined according to the soil formula.For the old blueberry orchard cultivated for many years, due to the serious decline of soil fertility, the amount of fertilizer applied must be determined according to the soil formula.When the PH of blueberry garden soil is greater than 6.0, fertilization is required.
3. Type and amount of fertilizer applied: when blueberry fertilizer is applied, compound fertilizer has a much better effect than pure fertilizer, and compound fertilizer can increase the yield by about 40%.Blueberry general fertilizer proportion is mostly nitrogen, scale, potassium for 1, 1, 1, 1;If N fertilizer is used in soil with relatively high organic matt