Fertilizer technology after the lack of strawberries

Strawberry deficiency symptoms, in different stages of growth, the performance is not the same, then how to fertilize the strawberry after the lack of it? Here to tell you about fertilization techniques after the lack of strawberries.

Strawberry

The external morphology of nitrogen deficiency changes with leaf age and nitrogen deficiency. Young or immature leaves, when nitrogen is not enough, the leaves are greener, and the leaves of vigorous growth turn from green fading to yellowing. Petiole and calyx were reddish, leaf serrated reddish, developed from the outside to the inside, and some whole leaves were bright red or orange, fruit, light taste. Phosphorus deficiency plant leaves smaller, dark green leaves, slow growth, flowers, fruits than the normal growth of strawberries to be small, occasional albino fruit.

Severe phosphorus deficiency of strawberries, some plants appear black leaves, shiny, the lower part of the leaves for the light red to purple. Leaves of potassium-deficient plants appear dark brown and dry at the edges, some develop into burns, others develop toward the center of most leaf veins, and some darken from leaves to petioles and become dry or necrotic, with dark fruit color Soft texture, light taste. Calcareous plant root hair less, slow growth, leaf coke disease occurs frequently in the reproductive process, the performance of the symptoms of leaf folds, leaves chlorotic green, pale green or yellowish leaves boundaries, diseased leaves petiole brown spots , Often syrupy drops overflow, the lower leaves turn from light green yellow and then dry.

Strawberry lack of fertilizers after fertilization

In view of the above analysis of the symptoms of strawberry deficiency, in order to improve strawberry yield and quality, the application of fertilizer, to take the following measures.

Attention should be paid to soil balance fertilizer demand of potassium is the largest, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus, the third is calcium, of course, also need to trace elements, the implementation of protected cultivation, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1.7: 1: 2.2 , The implementation of open cultivation, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 2.9: 1: 3.9, two types of cultivation methods are reflected in high sensitivity to potash, therefore, in balanced fertilization, this should be used as a reference .

To use organic fertilizer as a base Strawberry longer growing period, high yield, high market demand for quality, the use of fertilizer, should be used to decompose the farmyard manure, barn, human excreta-based, 4000- 5000 kilograms, or cake fat 50-75 kilograms, with compound fertilizer 15 kilograms or bio-organic fertilizer 50-75 kilograms, with compound fertilizer 10-15 kilograms. Acid soil should be increased calcium, lime or plaster per acre 100 kg or so.

Fertilizer technology after the lack of strawberries

To look at the top dressing seedlings of strawberries on inorganic nutrition demanding, before the first flowering, should be chasing multiple compound fertilizer 10-15 kilograms, nitrogen deficiency and then recover about 5 kilograms of urea or human excrement 250-300 Kg, topdressing phosphate over calcium phosphate 10-15 kilograms, topdressing potassium potassium 7.5-10 kg. Another root can spray 0.2% -0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times.

The above is the introduction of strawberries after the introduction of fertilization technology, strawberry planting friends, you can refer to the above fertilization methods, strawberries in the absence of symptoms, timely manner for processing.

Good way to drink water

01
Avoid drinking too fast, thirsty and then drink

Most of the human body is composed of water, water accounts for 60% to 70% of body weight, muscle water 80%, brain water 75%. Therefore, people's normal life can not be separated from water.

In addition to the amount of water to stress, how to drink water, but also related to human health.

02
Drink temperature does not drink ice

Warm water below 30 degrees Celsius is the healthiest water, neither too much stimulation of gastrointestinal motility, it is not easy to cause vasoconstriction. If you often drink ice water in summer, although drinking will feel cool, but in ice water stimulation, patients with gastrointestinal diseases prone to stomach pain, diarrhea and other symptoms, while ice water on the circulatory system is also very large, cardiovascular In particular, patients should avoid drinking cold water.

In addition, traditional Chinese medicine believes that "Yang Yang spring and summer, autumn and winter Yin." Summer Yang Fu floating body surface, but the body instead of cold, if drinking ice water, especially excessive drinking ice water, easy to damage the yang, to the winter easy to physically weak disease.

03
Slow drink fast drink

In healthy people, the kidneys can discharge 800 to 1000 ml of water per hour under normal conditions, so if too much water is taken in a short time and the kidneys are too late to discharge, excess water will enter the cells in large quantities, resulting in hyponatremia Disease, resulting in water poisoning.

It should be noted that, even after a lot of sweating in the hot summer, but also pay attention to slowly sip.

24 hours drinking water schedule

6:30 get up before drinking 250cc of water, can help detoxify the kidneys and liver.
Do not worry about coffee at 8:30 in the office, pour yourself a cup of water for at least 250cc.
11:30 drink the third cup of water a day, to replenish lost water, by the way relax the intense emotional work.
12:50 half an hour after lunch drink some water, can enhance the body's digestive function.
15:00 Replacing refreshing drinks such as afternoon tea or coffee with a cup of healthy mineral water can refresh your mind effectively.
17:30 drink a cup of boiled water before dinner, can increase satiety, prevent overeating.
20:00 drink plenty of water after a meal, helps to promote digestion.
22:30 1 hour before going to bed drink a glass of water, helps to promote detoxification. But do not breath too much, so as not to affect the quality of sleep or cause swelling of the face the next day.
Finally, there are ways to drink water, ups and downs, unpredictable, invisible and colorless, but also full of wisdom, how clever use, to see if you can grasp the main points of these drinks.

What is bacterial fertilizer:

1, the first one is that we say bio-organic fertilizer, which means that this organic fertilizer contains living bacteria, like this we called biological organic fertilizer.

2, there is a class that we are talking about fungicides, fungicides microbial agents we sometimes also called bacteriostat, the national indicator standard is GB20287.

How to buy fertilizer:

1, the purchase of bio-organic fertilizer must take a careful look, bio-organic fertilizer implementation of the standard is NY884, which contains not less than zero bacteria is 200 million, and the organic content of more than 40%.

2, depends on its registration number that is to say must be the Ministry of Agriculture microbial fertilizer registration number, which is qualified formal fertilizer. In the Ministry of Agriculture microbial fertilizer registration number inside, must be the Ministry of Agriculture microbial fat brackets inside a year, then quasi-word or the next word inside the brackets a number.

3, not only depends on the registration certificate number, bag superscript bacteria is also very important. The more bacteria, indicating that the higher the cost, and now the Ministry of Agriculture registered up to five species, more than five are not standardized.

At present many people habitually think that the number of bacteria to see how much bacteria! Did not think, how to survive after germination? How to breed after surviving? How to produce active substances? To play its role in soil improvement, synergistic nutrition, promote root, sterilization?

It should be noted that: bacteria in the bacteria rely on the conditions of survival of organic matter. When there is enough organic matter or humus in the soil, it can be utilized by the microorganism bacteria, and then the soil microorganism can multiply rapidly to activate the nutrient element. Microbial bacteria in the role of the soil is mainly produced a variety of enzymes, decomposition of various nutrients, produce a variety of acids and carbon dioxide, to provide more nutrients to crops. Microbial bacteria to survive and reproduce, the soil should have enough organic matter Caixing. Therefore, we advocate the use of organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer!

Of course, the more active bacteria, the better, but after all, this thing is difficult to detect at present, we can not avoid some unscrupulous merchants in the number of bacteria above the hands and feet (for example: 1 billion fertilizer prices cheaper than 1 billion). In short, the purchase of bacterial fertilizer can not only see the number of labeled content, it is unscientific!

Pollution-free vegetables how fertilization?

The company is located in:Pollution-free vegetable production requirements of vegetable nitrate content does not exceed the standard. At present, the nitrate content of vegetables is too high, the main reason is the high nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer less than normal, phosphorus, potassium with unreasonable caused. Therefore, the nitrate content of commercial vegetables must be reduced to the allowable standard through reasonable fertilization techniques. That pollution-free vegetables how to fertilize it? Here to tell you about pollution-free vegetables fertilization technology.

Pollution-free vegetables how to fertilize

1, emphasis on the application of organic fertilizer. Nitrogen concentration in soil and the type of nitrogen applied directly affect crop disease resistance, commerciality and nitrate content. Therefore, to keep the soil loose and fertile, it is the key technology to reduce crop diseases and pests and obtain high quality and high yield. With the long-term use of inorganic fertilizers in the vegetable fields, the soil is seriously deficient in organic phosphorus and potassium, and soil nutrients are out of balance. Large amounts of acidic substances remain in the soil, causing soil compaction and acidification, reducing crop stress resistance, deteriorating pests and diseases and deteriorating quality. , We must attach importance to the use of organic fertilizer.

Pollution-free vegetables allowed to use the types of fertilizer are: (1) peasant fertilizer. Refers to a large number of biological materials, animal and plant residues, excrement and bio-waste and other substances in the fertilizer. There are mainly composting, fertilizer, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw and cake fertilizer. (2) commodity fertilizer. Commodity organic fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, inorganic (mineral) fertilizer and foliar fertilizer. (3) Inorganic fertilizer must be combined with organic fertilizer. (4) Urban rubbish needs to be innocuously treated, and the quality can reach the national standard before being limited.

Pollution-free vegetables fertilization technology

2, scientific application of fertilizer. In the production of pollution-free vegetables, in addition to vigorously promote the addition of organic fertilizer, we must scientific application of chemical fertilizers, according to the amount of fertilizer needed, the implementation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization.

3, the use of advanced fertilization methods. Fertilizer deep facilities, can reduce the fertilizer and air contact, to prevent the volatilization of nitrogen, but also reduce the ammonia ion is oxidized to nitrate ions, reduce the pollution of vegetables. Root vegetables shallow and non-volatile fertilizer should be appropriate shallow facilities; root deep and volatile fertilizer should be properly applied.

4, master the appropriate fertilizer time (period). Before harvest in the food market, you can not use a variety of fertilizers. In particular, the direct consumption of leafy vegetables, but also to prevent the pollution of fertilizers and microorganisms. The last dressing must be done 30 days before the harvest.

The above is the introduction of pollution-free vegetables fertilization technology, farmers friends can refer to the above method, combined with the actual planting situation, reasonable fertilization.

Brazil intends to revise the maximum amount of food additives allowed in dietary supplements

On December 28, 2017, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Administration issued the Consultation Document No. 454 to amend the maximum allowable amount of dietary supplement, such as tartaric acid, which is a food additive, and carbon dioxide, which is the food processing aid. The consultation date is from 2018 January 8 to April 10, 2018. Some allow to add the maximum limit see the following table:

Food QS logo October 1, 2018 after the retired from the purchase of food to see the "SC" logo

The QS mark on food packaging has been regarded by consumers as a symbol of food safety. The QS mark of "service" for many years will no longer be used on October 1, 2018. January 10, Wuhan Food and Drug Administration issued a circular requiring food manufacturers must be in October 1 for the new version of the food production license (hereinafter referred to as "SC"), the old QS logo will be completely canceled.

According to the Circular of the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on the Implementation of the "Measures for the Administration of Food Production Permits", starting from October 1, 2018, food products (including health food and food additives) produced by food manufacturers shall not use the original packaging, labels and / QS logo.

Wuhan Food and Drug Administration requirements of regulatory authorities urged the area has not yet replaced the new version of the food production license (SC card) food production enterprises must be October 1, 2018 to obtain a new version of the SC production license, and replace the new label. A new version of SC production license has been obtained but the old version of the "QS" logo is still in use. New labels must be replaced before October 1, and the unused original packaging and label identification should be properly handled. Products manufactured before October 1 using the original packaging, label and "QS" logo are allowed to be sold until the end of their shelf life.

All districts in Wuhan will conduct law enforcement inspection after October 1, and still handle the original packaging, labels and "QS" mark on the food produced after October 1, and investigate and punish them according to law.

According to reports, the old version of "QS" mark is the abbreviation of quality and safety, is a government department regulatory permission to produce safe food. With the implementation of the new Food Safety Law, it is clearly stipulated that the food production license number shall be marked on the food packaging. The "QS" mark will no longer be used as the basis for food production permission. Instead, the new "SC" card will be activated. "SC" code represents the company's unique license code, you can achieve the purpose of identification, query, to achieve traceability of food, food safety awareness of manufacturers to enhance awareness.

How to reduce the harm of pesticide residues?

Pesticide residues refer to the phenomenon that part of pesticides remain in cereals, vegetables, fruits, livestock products, aquatic products and soil and water directly or indirectly after pesticide application in agriculture. How can we reduce pesticide residue in our daily life? Hazard?

1, soaked

You can soak the vegetables bought for a few minutes and then rinse. Or you can soak vegetables with soda that it neutralizes pesticide toxicity. Do not use ordinary detergent to wash fruits and vegetables, the detergent itself contains chemical components easily left on fruits and vegetables, adverse to human health. The best way is to use a professional Lancome oxygen machine for cleaning, the effective removal rate of 98%.

2, salt water wash

Washing vegetables with 5% saline can reduce the hazard of pesticide residues.

3, peeling

Like a cucumber, eggplant, this type of vegetables, generally used more pesticides, such fruits and vegetables ingredients can be directly peeled and then eat.

4, high temperature heating

High temperature heating can also decompose pesticides. Some heat-resistant vegetables, such as cauliflower, beans, celery and so on washed with boiling water for a few minutes, the amount of pesticides can be reduced by 30%, and then cooked at high temperatures, you can clear 90% of pesticides.

5, the sun exposure

Sunlight can make some of the pesticides in vegetables are broken down. It is determined that vegetables in the sun for 5 minutes, organic chlorine, organic mercury and other pesticide residues can be reduced by about 60%.

6, Taomi Shui soaked

In real life, Taomi Shui is more common, to remove the effect of pesticide residues is also better "recipe." Taomi Shui was weak alkaline, pesticide ingredients can be neutralized, weaken the efficacy; Taomi Shui containing starch, but also has a strong sticky. So, with Taomi Shui soaking, washing vegetables, simple and convenient, easy to implement, with remarkable results.

Prevention of pesticide poisoning

Pesticides help kill pests and increase yields, but improper use can also cause poisoning. In order to prevent pesticide poisoning, we should do the following:

1, frail, sick, elderly, pregnant and lactating women, minors, do not engage in the management and use of pesticides.

2, pesticides must be stored in a safe (specialized warehouse or a special cabinet), there is a lock, kept by someone. Each pesticide container should have a clear label. Pesticide purchase, storage, use must have a strict system. Can not be placed in the living room, livestock stables.

3, preparation of pesticide solution and soaking with pesticides, seed dressing work by someone responsible. The operation site should be far away from houses, livestock stables, vegetable gardens and drinking water sources. To follow the rules, wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, wear hats, latex gloves and masks to avoid splashes of chemicals or inhalation of pesticide gases. Tools and containers are special and can not be used for other purposes. Pesticide solution to be applied to the ground should be stored in a special container and locked.

4, pesticide application in the field, we must strictly abide by the rules. Wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, a hat and latex gloves. When spraying to stand up and down the spray. Do not smoke during the operation, do not eat, do not drink water, do not rub the face and eyes with a contaminated hand. Work after bathing with soap, change clothes. Contaminated clothing to use 5% alkali soak for an hour or two then wash. The rest of the small amount of liquid and scrubbing equipment should be buried deep underground.

5, a month before the harvest of food and fruits can not be sprayed pesticides. If the orchards, garden pesticides applied, fruits, vegetables before eating the best soaked with water for an hour or two.

6, in the event of pesticide poisoning, if it is oral poisoning, immediately gastric lavage, while vomiting, and the use of drugs detoxification. In case of inhalation of pesticides when sprayed, immediately leave the poisoning environment, quickly remove the contaminated coat, wash the contaminated area with soapy water and running water. If the symptoms are severe, take the emergency treatment to the hospital immediately after the initial treatment.

Boron fertilizer use the top ten errors

Misunderstanding 1, boron only has a significant role in high-demand boron crops
Boron plays a crucial role in the reproductive growth of crops, and all crops require boron in only the required amount and size. High boron crops need rape, cotton, fruit trees. Vegetables require a large amount of boron, while rice, corn and wheat require less boron, but boron deficiency can severely reduce yields even with crops that require less boron. In the 60 years of using boron, 132 kinds of crops in more than 80 countries, using boron fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and improve quality.
Mistakes 2, crop boron deficiency symptoms, without the need to apply boron fertilizer
A large number of experiments to confirm that crops have a demand for boron shadow possession. Boron fertilizers can dramatically increase yields even without Boron deficiency.
Misunderstanding 3, the crop only once a year boron
Crops require a continuous supply of boron, and even if supply of boron is interrupted for a short period of time, crop yield and quality will be affected. Therefore, application of boron fertilizers should be combined with foliar fertilizer and foliar spray should be applied in small quantities multiple times.
Myth 4, boron mainly based on the basic facilities
The early introduction of agricultural production of boron fertilizer is industrial borax, can only base facilities, can not spray or spray effect is not good. Soil basal application and foliar application of boron fertilizer best.
Misunderstanding 5, high demand for boron and low demand of boron crops when the application of boron will affect the back
The study confirmed that cauliflower and bean sprouts even when the flowers on the broccoli more than several times the recommended dose, it will not affect the next stover beans.
Mistakes 6, crop boron deficiency only a small amount of yield or quality impact
Crop boron deficiency will cause the loss of all production, all the fruits of high-end market value. In some parts of the United States, farmers find their crops unpicked once boron deficiency is found.
Misunderstanding 7, boron is a trace fertilizer, the importance of N, P, K fertilizer
Boron has an irreplaceable effect on the flowering of crops. N, P and K can not replace boron. The concept of balanced fertilization is: stabilizing nitrogen, reducing phosphorus, increasing potassium and supplementing micro (boron, silicon, calcium, etc.) Phosphorus, potassium are equally important. Only pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer does not attach importance to the application of boron, crop yield and quality will decline, but also on the NPK fertilizers, seeds, pesticides will also be lost.
Myth 8, boron and magnesium can replace boron fertilizer
Boron magnesium fertilizer commonly known as boron mud, the main component of magnesium sulfate, which contains less than about 0.2% of boron, magnesium sulfate is only produced by the production of waste, and borax, boron can not be compared to the high content of boron is its 75 times the content of boron and magnesium fertilizer can not supplement the crop needs of boron.
Myth # 9, a variety of elements of foliar fertilizer is better than a single trace element boron
Boron as the most important trace element of crop flowering results, most of the economy, fruit trees, vegetables, crops, their demand for a large amount of a variety of foliar fertilizer containing trace boron can not meet the crop's demand for boron. Therefore, boron is better than boron for multiple elements.
Misunderstanding 10, when buying boron does not see the product pure boron content
A lot of poor quality or fake boron fertilizer, not in accordance with national requirements indicate pure boron content, only vague marked the so-called product purity. Even if the 100% pure rubbish, the rubbish is pure or the rubbish, the rubbish, certainly must clear the product when buying the product, indicated that has the pure boron content.

Crop lack of boron correction of the main raw materials

1, industrial borax
Molecular formula is Na2B4O7? 10H2O, boron content of about 10.9%, colorless and transparent crystal or white powder. Incompatible with water, but soluble in hot water at 40 ℃, commonly used as domestic soil.
2, boron magnesium fertilizer
Molecular formula is H3BO3? MgSO4, boron magnesium fertilizer is boric acid residue, gray or off-white powder. Boron is mainly boric acid form, more difficult to dissolve in water, containing boron (B2O3) 0.4%, the domestic use as soil treatment.
3, boron magnesium phosphate
Born with acid and phosphate rock phosphate made of boron, containing effective boron (B2O3) about 0.6%. Domestic use as soil treatment.
4, boric acid
Containing more than 17% of pure boron (B), water-soluble, best to add boron, the best absorption. Can be mixed with most pesticide fertilizers.
5, four sodium octaborate
Containing pure boron (B) more than 20%, water-soluble, better boron supplement. Can be mixed with most pesticide fertilizers.
6, fluid boron (sugar alcohol boron)
By boric acid and diisopropanolamine, sorbitol xylitol and other substances through a special process of synthesis of a new type of foliar application of boron fertilizer. Boron (B) 160g / L, fast absorption, boron effect is excellent.
Boron fertilizer use technology
Boron participates in many important physiological activities and is an important nutrient necessary for crop growth and development. Suitable for all crop applications, increasing crop yields, improving crop quality, and improving crop resilience.
As a result of a variety of boron content, product purity, product quality difference between a large, so a variety of boron concentration using methods are not the same.
1, the domestic low content of boron application technology
Soil-based facilities? With bauxite per acre 0.5 ~ 1kg, and fine soil, phosphate fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer evenly in the planting of transplanting ditch facilities or facilities. Boron mud as more basal fertilizer, about 15kg per acre, can be mixed with organic fertilizer application. Boron mud containing magnesium (MgO) 30 ~ 40% for the southern soil.
2, high content of instant boron application technology
Spraying micro-boron or Meng Bailong brand fluid boron, and water preparation of 0.1 to 0.15% aqueous solution, the crop seedling stage, bolting stage, bud stage, early stage of infancy, young fruit and other growth options spray 2 or 3 times. With the water chase and herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and other mixed application.
3, as many times as soon as possible
Boron in the plant's ability to operate poorly, should be sprayed as well. Cotton can be sprayed in the bud stage, spray every two or three consecutive 2 or 3 times as well. Fruit trees in the young fruit, full flowering spray better, can also be mixed with pesticides and 0.5% urea spraying.
4, soil-based facilities
Particulate boron can be applied to the soil, such as applying, applying, applying and spreading before the crop is sown. Apply 5 ~ 10g of each tree separately or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer on fruit tree. Particulate boron is a completely soluble fertilizer whose large, granular physical structure makes it very advantageous in soil use. Has a relatively long-term, boron is not easy to leaching, not easy to cause soil boron poisoning.
5, soil topdressing
In the absence of soil-based application of boron or other boron fertilizers, in the late crop seedlings, to the soil topdressing boron particles 200g / mu, alone or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer mixed with strip, Ditch Shi, Shi Shi, spreading and other methods for chase, chase watering.
6, Borosilicate boron and boron spray with
In general, soil is treated with primary particles of boron and sprayed with boron 1-2 times before flowering. The crops with high boron demand (rapeseed, cotton, peanut, fruit trees, vegetables, etc.) are improved in quality and the yield increase effect is very obvious.

Factors Influencing Soil Boron Efficiency

In the agricultural production, rape appeared "blooming but not real" symptom, the wheat "no twisting disease", cotton "bud instead of flower", peanut "fruit and not fruitless" It is due to lack of boron.
Factors Influencing Soil Boron Efficiency
1, soil pH (pH value)
Soil pH value between 4.7 and 6.7, the highest availability of boron, water-soluble boron and the PH value is positively correlated. However, between pH 7.1 and 8.1, the effectiveness of boron decreased, and water-soluble boron was negatively correlated with pH. It has been shown that the effectiveness of boron in soil is mainly affected by adsorption and fixation. However, the adsorption and fixation are closely related to the pH value of soil. The availability of boron in acidic soil is the highest, but it is easy to elute the loss. Large amount of lime and boron Adsorption fixed increase, will have induced boron deficiency.
High demand for boron crops, alfalfa soil suitable for growth environment is pH 6.5, lime treatment of soil may be needed. However, lime treatment of the soil as a whole reduces the availability of boron, especially at pH> 7. The reason is that Ca2 + ions inactivate boron ions.
2, soil organic matter
The vast majority of soil available boron exists in the soil organic matter complex (boron and humic acid), organic matter more soil available boron more. Organic matter is decomposed and released into the soil solution because of the boron combined with organic matter or immobilized by organic matter.
Environmental conditions such as cold and humid; heat, dry will reduce the degradation rate of organic matter, will also reduce the amount of available boron in the soil. In addition, there is less organic matter in the soil and less potential for the soil to feed itself, so it is often necessary to apply boron to the soil at a lower concentration.
3, climatic conditions
In the arid area, the fixation effect is enhanced. The higher the temperature is, the less the content of water-soluble boron is and the less effective the soil is. Wet and rainy areas, often due to a strong leaching effect of boron loss, reducing the content of available boron, especially light soil is particularly evident.
4, soil texture
Boron is easily leached in light soils, which results in a decrease of water-soluble boron. In clay soil, due to the adsorption of clay particles, more effective boron is retained. Therefore, under other conditions, light soil Available boron content less than the clay soil, boron deficiency often appear in light soil. However, although the total amount of boron contained in the clay is high, available boron may be low due to the immobilization of boron on the clay surface.
Well seeps, and heavy rainfall or often irrigated sandy soils have strong potential for seepage, making them the most susceptible to boron deficiency, so they require frequent boron supplementation.
5, soil cultivation
In general, when the soil surface is harvested, there is more boron available to the soil and plant roots. Soil cultivation will make the soil mix, improve soil aeration, drainage. These are the best conditions for the decomposition of soil organic matter to release boron.
As crop production practices change to less tillage or no tillage management, the organic matter that accumulates at or near the soil surface will not decompose rapidly, so the soil available boron relies more on soil surface moisture conditions. Therefore, the application of boron fertilizer is very important for crop production.

Effect of boron on crop growth and development

Boron is not part of a variety of organisms in the crop, but it enhances some important physiological functions of the crop. Boron sufficient supply, plant lush growth, full grain, root system good, harvest protection; conversely, the lack of supply of boron, will result in serious crop production or even cut off.
Effect of boron on crop growth and development
1, cell elongation and tissue differentiation
There is a clear interaction between auxin (indole acetic acid) and boron. Boron inhibits indoleacetic oxidase activity in the root system. In the indole acetic acid stimulation, root elongation is normal. Indoleacetic acid is formed only in vascular plants in green plants and is involved in the differentiation of xylem vessels. Therefore, the general demand for boron is also limited to vascular plants. However, part of the boron plant wood weakened. Stem-forming layer cell division to strengthen, the formation of stratum cell proliferation.
2, enzyme metabolism and wood formation
The accumulation of phenolic compounds inhibits the activity of indole acetic acid oxidase. Boron can complex with phenolic compounds to overcome the inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds on indole acetic acid oxidase. Boron inhibits the activity of hydroxylase phenolic enzymes during lignin formation and xylem ductal differentiation.
3, carbohydrate transport and protein metabolism
Boron in carbohydrate metabolism has two roles: the formation of cell wall material and sugar transport. Boron can promote glucose-1-phosphate cycle and sugar conversion. Boron and calcium together play the role of "cell glue." Boron affects the synthesis of RNA, especially uracil.
The lack of boron in new leaf protein content is low, which is limited to the cytoplasm, and chloroplast protein content is not affected, so lack of boron plants green is not common. Boron can enhance crop photosynthesis, promote the formation of carbohydrates.
When the crop boron deficiency, it will cause a large accumulation of carbohydrates such as sugar and starch leaves, can not be transported to the seeds and other parts, thus affecting crop yield.
4, root growth and development
Boron can promote the normal development of vascular bundle in the roots of leguminous crops, and promote rhizobia to get sufficient supply of carbohydrates, thus enhancing the nitrogen fixation ability of leguminous crops, increasing the content of protein, increasing the fiber content of hemp crops and improving it The quality
Boron forms a complex with gluconic acid 6-phosphoglycerate in the body of the crop so that 4-phosphoglyceridic acid does not form (an important starting material for the formation of acid compounds), whereas organic acids accumulate in the root when the crop is deficient in boron Apex meristematic cell differentiation and elongation are inhibited, the occurrence of cork, causing root necrosis.
Boron can make the root tips of the crop and stem growth point equal meristem growth. Boron and alcohols, sugars and other compounds form peroxides, which improve the supply of oxygen to the roots of crops. Especially in the absence of oxygen, the application of boron fertilizer can promote crop root development. Therefore, root tubers, tubers such as sugar beet, potatoes, radish, boron fertilizer application is better.
5, crop resistance
Boron can enhance crop drought resistance and disease resistance. Boron in the body to control the role of water in the body, can improve sunflower, buckwheat and other plant protoplasm viscosity, and enhance the ability of colloidal water.
Application of boron can promote the formation of vitamin C, vitamin C can increase the plant's resistance to stress. Insufficient Boron supply to crops, reduced ability to resist stress and disease, and some physiological damage to crops.
The use of boron can greatly reduce the incidence of these diseases in these crops: "heart rot" of beet, "brown rot" of radish, "scab" of potatoes, "stalk cracking" of celery, Stem rot ", radish hollow, cabbage, poor growth of spinach, sweet potato" brown spot ", linen" blight ", sunflower" white rot "and" gray mold "beans" charcoal " Wait.
6, early crop improvement
Boron can promote crop precocity. According to domestic data, under the influence of boron, the spring wheat will be shortened by eight days for winter wheat.
Boron application in cotton increased before frost and the seed cotton yield and fiber quality increased. Corn, rice boron to make the main growth period in advance, the seeds mature about five days earlier. This accelerated precocity of boron is of particular interest, both in the cold regions of the mountains and in the two crops. Thirdly, the development of agricultural production in some areas has some positive significance.
Rape boron can reduce protein and increase fat content. Cucumber, tomato boron can increase the vitamin C content. Apple, citrus boron can increase the sugar content, reduce acid content.
The application of boron fertilizer in hybrid seed production can make the reproductive organs of both parent and maternal plants reach the same maturation stage and promote the significant increase of seed production, meanwhile increase the seed setting rate of distant hybridization.
7, pollen germination and pollen tube growth
The indirect effect of boron may be related to the increase of sugar content in nectar and the change of its composition, making the flowers of the arboreal plant more attractive to insects.
The direct role of boron and pollen anther production ability and pollen grain vitality are closely related. Boron can stimulate pollen germination, especially pollen tube elongation.
Boron can promote the normal crop reproductive organs, is conducive to flowering and fruiting. Appropriate use of boron fertilizer, can accelerate the development of floral organs, increase the number of pollen, and promote the pollen grains germination and pollen tube growth.
Rape lack of boron caused by the "flowers and not real" reasons, the results show that boron deficiency and can flowering, but can not be normal and strong development of male and female gametophyte rape, ovary structure is complete, but due to lack of attachment of boron stigma The ability of pollen, the anther wall destroyed and the ability to lose shells, pollen blocks and the development of low rate, resulting in rape can only flowering and can not be strong. This result strongly supports the importance of boron in the growth of reproductive organs.